Implantable bone drain

Details Implantable bone drain Implantable bone drain

1990-03-20

1992-11-17

Hafer, Robert A.

Surgery

Means for introducing or removing material from body for...

Treating material introduced into or removed from body...

604280, 604 8, 604266, 604 93, A61M 2700

Patent

active

051639246

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention is based on the appreciation that long-term relief of intraosseous pressure ("IOP") should prove to be effective in the treatment of a wide range of arthritic and other orthopaedic disorders, for example, aseptic necrosis of bone, bone ischaemias generally and Perthes disease.
The invention provides an implantable bone drain for relieving intraosseous pressure, which is formed of a bio-compatible material and of which the outer surface is so shaped as to prevent or limit movement of the drain out of position after implantation, and/or there is provided other means for retaining the bone drain in the chosen implanted position.
An implantable bone drain according to the invention may be used in the treatment of bone pain in a wide range of bone disorders. Moreover, the resulting relief of IOP improves bone perfusion and tends to retard degenerative disease. In particular, it is considered that early implantation of a bone drain in accordance with the invention may significantly defer the need for joint replacement in certain arthritic conditions.
In use, the bone drain will normally be introduced into sub-chondral cancellous bone with its free end either flush with the bone surface or projecting slightly beyond the bone wall into the surrounding tissue. Alternatively, in the case of a bone drain formed of a sufficiently flexible material, the projecting free end portion may be bent so as to lie along the outer surface of the bone and then secured into a suitable position, for example, by suturing to tissue. As compared with previously proposed bone screws designed for insertion into cortical bone (in the metaphysis), the bone drain of the invention is primarily designed to provide drainage from under cartilege (i.e. from sub-chondral cancellous bone). Accordingly, the bone drain of the invention should be so shaped, constructed and dimensioned that it can be implanted so as to provide drainage from specific sub-chondral sites.
It is essential that the bone drain should remain in the chosen position after implantation, with substantially no "creep", and accordingly its outer surface is preferably so shaped as to prevent or at least limit movement of the implanted drain out of position. To that end, the outer surface of the bone drain is advantageously formed with one or, preferably, a plurality of outwardly extending resiliently flexible or deformable projections. Typically, the or each such projection may extend for from 2 to 3 mm. From the outer surface of the drain. For example, there may be a plurality of radially-extending projections arranged in a star configuration around the drain body, and preferably there is a plurality of such star configurations arranged at intervals along the drain. Alternatively or additionally, there may be one or more circumferentially-extending continuous projections. In general, it is recommended that the or each projection should extend transversely with respect to the drain, and the use of projections which are inclined with respect to the direction of insertion of the drain is generally not advisable although the projections may be arranged to define a screw thread allowing the drain to be screwed into or out of a bone.
In one possible arrangement having a plurality of projections, each successive projection along the length of the drain extends a progressively shorter distance from the drain surface. This configuration tends to facilitate insertion of the drain into the bone.
In addition to or instead of having the outer surface of the drain shaped as described above to prevent or limit movement, there may be provided other means for retaining the bone drain in the chosen implanted position. For example a K wire may be used to hold the drain in position or the drain may be sutured to suitably placed bone or muscle. Preferably, however, the bone drain of the invention is not provided with any enlarged retaining head or collar. A drain having such a head or collar would be difficult or impossible to implant along a direction that is inclined with resp

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