Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Ion-exchange polymer or process of preparing
Patent
1997-08-14
1999-08-10
Zitomer, Fred
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Ion-exchange polymer or process of preparing
521 25, 521 27, 521 30, 521 34, 525381, 525382, C08J 520, C08J 522
Patent
active
059360046
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention refers to new strongly alkaline ion exchanging molded bodies and a method of manufacturing the same. These anion exchangers consist of a polymer system which allows due to its special possibility of processing and its mechanic properties to produce fibers, mats, compact bodies, balls and so on.
Ion exchangers are used to exchange ions in solutions. Furthermore they are used in electrophoresis and ion chromatography as supporting material. As foils they are purchased as ion exchange membranes.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
To date, anion exchangers are mainly made on the basis of copolymers of styrene.
Apart from styrene, polysulfones, polyether sulfones or poly (vinylpyridine) derivatives can also be used as a matrix polymer. These materials have the drawback that their design as thin flexible layers or compact bodies is difficult. In addition, very toxic chloromethyl-methyl ethers must mostly be used to produce these polymers.
Moreover there are anion exchangers (e.g. DD 301 541) containing alkylidene epoxides bound on the basis of polyvinyl alcohol, which result from the reaction of epichlorhydrin with secondary or tertiary amines. These anion exchangers can only be produced as balls. Furthermore the chemical stability against acids and bases is unsatisfactory because of the contents of the polyhydroxylated polymers.
Therefore the use of polyepichlorhydrin as base polymer is very advantageous because a highly chemical stability can be expected. A survey of the state of the art can be found e.g. in Advances in Polymer Science 70 (1985), Key Polymers p. 92 f. Using this base polymer system the problem arises that only weakly basic anion exchangers can be manufactured. This problem is also clearly visible in the production of similarly built polyelectrolytes from polyepichlorhydrin and tertiary amines where the reaction is limited on oligomeric polyepichlorhydrin.
From DE 4328226, there are known anion exchange membranes on the basis of products from the reaction of polyepichlorhydrin and tertiary amines. These membranes, however, can only be produced as thick and compact films. It's impossible to produce shaped bodies or very thin films used as separation layers.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a generally usable strongly alkaline basic anion exchanger film on supporting materials; as adhesive). substance. against oxidation agents)
It was found that it is possible to transform a special solution into a solid anion exchanger through different procedures, so that a lot of solid bodies can be produced. This solution contains reaction products of polyepichlorhydrin with tertiary amines, especially 1,4-diazabicyclo-(2,2,2)-octane in dipolar aprotic solvents, if necessary with suitable inert polymers and/or softeners.
The use of the components of this invention thus surprisingly solves the well known problems for the production of solid bodies out of ion exchange polymers, as the polymer system, according to the invention, can be manufactured by different methods.
At first there is the possibility to fill a casting mold with the solution and to evaporate the solvent afterwards. This method restricts itself to the production of large size flat bodies e.g. mats or fibers, which have no sticking up contours from the surface. It can be extended on bodies with a structure on the surface, if softeners are added to the solution which fill the volume of the later incorporated water. To produce compact thick bodies the solution can be made solid by means of an according coagulant. The best method to do that is to fill the solution in a casting mold and to overlay it with the coagulant. During a certain time the coagulant diffuses in the body and makes it solid. It is possible to add a crosslinking agent to the coagulant, e.g. primary amines, or the active polymer is crosslinked by heat in a further step.
Finally the casting solution can be sprayed as a very thin film on a supporting material so that the ion exchanger can serve as a semiperme
REFERENCES:
patent: 2862894 (1958-12-01), Hwa
patent: 2898310 (1959-08-01), Greer
patent: 5137925 (1992-08-01), Hodgdon
patent: 5746917 (1998-05-01), Altmeier
Feiereisen Henry M.
Zitomer Fred
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