Zeolite catalyst and method of converting hydrocarbons using the

Details Zeolite catalyst and method of converting hydrocarbons using the Zeolite catalyst and method of converting hydrocarbons using the

1997-03-21

1999-10-19

Griffin, Walter D.

Mineral oils: processes and products

Chemical conversion of hydrocarbons

Cracking

208113, 502 64, 502 60, 502 71, 502 77, C10G 1105, B01J 2940

Patent

active

059683422

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a catalyst to catalytically convert hydrocarbons and a method for catalytically converting hydrocarbons. More particularly, the present invention relates to a catalyst which catalytically crack hydrocarbon materials and a method for efficiently and stably producing lower olefins containing ethylene, which is valuable as a raw material for petrochemistry, as a main component and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing benzene, toluene and xylene as main components.


BACKGROUND ART

Heretofore, it is known to convert various hydrocarbon materials by contacting them with a solid acid catalyst, particularly an acid type (proton type) zeolite, whose alkali is removed by acid or an ammonium salt, and initiating cracking, isomerization, disproportionation, aromatization or the like reaction.
As a representative example, conversion of gas oil, heavy oil or the like into a gasoline fraction is widely conducted in petroleum refining. Further, there is proposed a method for converting light hydrocarbons into aromatic compounds by using a proton type ZSM-5 zeolite in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 41322/1974 (corresponding to British Patent No. 1381427), Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 49233/1975 (corresponding to British Patent No. 1394979), Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 4029/1975 (corresponding to British Patent No. 1442850) and the like. There is proposed a method for converting light hydrocarbons into lower olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons by using a proton type ZSM-5 zeolite in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 222428/1985 and Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 130236/1991 and the like. There is proposed a method for converting light hydrocarbons into lower olefins by using a acid type zeolite containing silver in U.S. Pat. No. 4,361,502 and Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 184638/1990.
There is proposed a method for producing aromatic hydrocarbons from light hydrocarbons in a catalyst bed having specific temperature distributions by using a specific zeolite type catalyst in International Patent Application No. PCT/JP95/01059.
As a method for obtaining lower olefins and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon materials, heretofore, a pyrolysis method is widely used. However, the method needs severe reaction conditions because of use of pyrolysis so that a lot of methane, which is difficult to use as a raw material for petrochemistry, is produced as a by-product. Further, the method has problems that since the ratio of product yield of olefins such as ethylene, propylene and the like and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene and the like is substantially fixed, product flexibility is poor because of its yield structure, and the total yield of olefins and cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (effective product yield) does not exceed about 60% by weight.
Therefore, in order to solve these problems of the pyrolysis method, heretofore, a method for catalytically cracking hydrocarbons by using a solid acid catalyst, particularly an acid type (proton type) zeolite catalyst has been studied. However, none of the known methods is satisfactory as a method for efficiently and stably obtaining both lower olefins (olefins having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, that is, ethylene, propylene and butene) containing ethylene, which is useful as a raw material for petrochemistry, as a main component and cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 9 carbon atoms, which contain benzene and alkylbenzene), and obtaining a yield of lower olefins containing ethylene as a main component higher than that of cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
For example, a catalytic conversion method using Y type zeolite produces a lot of paraffins, which are low value, and in addition produces extremely little aromatic hydrocarbons. A method using a proton type ZSM-5 zeolite generally provides a relatively high yield of hydrocarbons, a cracking gas composition having mainly light paraffins such as ethane, propane a

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Nicolaides et al., Applied Catalysis, 68 (1991) 31-39, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, no month avail.
Chu et al., ACS Symposium Series, Intrazeolite Chemistry, vol. 218, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1983, no month avail.

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