Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Capsules
Patent
1995-10-31
1998-10-27
Krass, Frederick
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Capsules
424455, 424463, 424464, 424474, 424489, 424 93R, 424 93A, 424 93D, 426 61, 426 89, 426103, 426807, 426549, 426550, 426556, 426574, 426581, 426582, 426583, 426586, 426587, 426590, 426599, 426603, 426648, 426652, 426653, 426655, C12P 2300, C12N 120, A61K 948
Patent
active
058276521
ABSTRACT:
Preparations are disclosed containing the 3R-3'R stereoisomer of zeaxanthin as a sole detectable isomer, packaged for oral ingestion by humans as a therapeutic drug or nutritional supplement. Zeaxanthin is a yellow carotenoid pigment found in the macula (in the center of the human retina), which helps protect retinal cells against phototoxic damage. The pure R-R stereoisomer can be prepared by fermenting cells, such as Flavobacterium multivorum (ATCC 55238), which do not create any detectable quantity of the undesired and potentially toxic S-S or S-R isomers, and which do not synthesize any other carotenoids. The R-R isomer can be concentrated, in large quantities and at low cost, into a viscous oily fluid containing about 5 to 20% zeaxanthin, by means of a simple solvent extraction process. This oily fluid can be mixed with a carrier such as vegetable oil and enclosed within a digestible capsule, comparable to a conventional capsule containing Vitamin E. Alternately, a zeaxanthin fluid can be added to various types of foods, such as margarine, dairy products, syrup, cookie dough, and certain types of meat preparations which are not subjected to harsh cooking. Additional purification steps can also be used to purify zeaxanthin to a granular or powdered state which contains nearly pure zeaxanthin. Such processing can be used to create formulations such as ingestible tablets, and particulate formulations that can be added to soups, salads, drinks, or other foods. Preferred stabilizers and anti-oxidants are also disclosed herein. When consumed by humans in any of these modes, the purified R-R stereoisomer of zeaxanthin can help treat and prevent macular degeneration, one of the leading causes of blindness and vision loss, especially among the elderly.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3841967 (1974-10-01), Dasek et al.
patent: 3891504 (1975-06-01), Schocher et al.
patent: 3951743 (1976-04-01), Shepherd et al.
patent: 4078094 (1978-03-01), Katzen
patent: 4153615 (1979-05-01), Saucy
patent: 4298621 (1981-11-01), Samis et al.
patent: 4522743 (1985-06-01), Horn et al.
patent: 4726955 (1988-02-01), Horn et al.
patent: 4851339 (1989-07-01), Hills
patent: 4935409 (1990-06-01), Wollweber et al.
patent: 4952716 (1990-08-01), Lukac et al.
patent: 5180747 (1993-01-01), Matsuda et al.
patent: 5227507 (1993-07-01), Lukac et al.
patent: 5308759 (1994-05-01), Gierhart
patent: 5310764 (1994-05-01), Baranowitz et al.
patent: 5350773 (1994-09-01), Schweikert
patent: 5356636 (1994-10-01), Schneider et al.
patent: 5382714 (1995-01-01), Khachils
patent: 5427783 (1995-06-01), Gierhart
patent: 5429939 (1995-07-01), Misawa et al.
patent: 5523494 (1996-06-01), Torres-Cardona et al.
patent: 5527533 (1996-06-01), Tso et al.
Bendich, A., et al, "Biological actions of carotenoids," FASEB Journal 3: 1927-1932 (1989).
Bone, R.A., et al, "Preliminary identification of the human macular pigment," Vision Res. 25: 1531-1535 (1985).
Bone R.A., et al, "Stereochemistry of the macular carotenoids," Invest. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34: 2033-2040 (1993).
Columbo, V.E., et al, "Structures and properties of stabilized vitamin and carotenoid dry powders," Food Structure 10: 161-170 (1991).
di Mascio, P., et al, "Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher," Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 274: 532-538 (1989).
di Mascio, P., et al, "Antioxidant defense systems: the role of carotenoids, tocopherols, and thiols," Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53: 194S-200S (1991).
Dorey, C.K., et al, "Lipofuscin in aged and AMD eyes," in Retinal Degeneration (Hollyfield et al, editors, Plenum Press, New York, 1993).
Eye Disease Case Control Study Group, "Antioxidant status and neovascular age-related macular degeneration," Arch. Ophthalmol. 11: 104-109 (1993).
Eye Disease Case Control Study Group, "Risk factors for neovascular age-related macular degeneration," Arch. Ophthalmol. 10: 1701-1708 (1992).
Gerster, H., "Review: antioxidant protection of the ageing macula," Age and Aging 20: 60-69 (1991).
Haegerstrom-Portnoy, G., "Short-wavelength-sensitive-cone sensitivity loss with aging: a protective role for macular pigment?," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A5: 2140-2144.
Handelman, G.J. and Dratz, E.A., "The role of antioxidants in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium and the nature of prooxidant-induced damage," Adv. in Free Radical Biology & Medicine 2: 1-23 and 55-57 (1986).
Handelman, G.J., et al, "Carotenoids in the human macula and whole retina," Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 29: 850-855 (1988).
Malinow, M.R., et al, "Diet-related macular anomalies in monkeys," Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 19: 857-863 (1980).
National Advisory Eye Council, Vision Research Research: A National Plan, 1994-1998 (NIH Publication 93-3186), pp. 55-64, 336, and 356.
Seddon, J.M., et al, "Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration," JAMA 272: 1413-1420 (1994).
Sperduto, R.D., et al, "Do we have a nutritional treatment for age-related cataract or macular degeneration?," Arch. Ophthalmol. 108: 1403-1405 (1990).
Taylor, A., et al, "Oxidation and aging: impact on vision," Journal of Toxicology and Industrial Health 9: 349-371 (1993).
"Flora-Glo Lutein" Product Specification Sheets (Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, IA, 1997).
DHHS Publication No. (FDA) 89-1115, Requirements of . . . U.S. Food and Drug Admin., pp. 9-11.
Waldroup, P.W., "Dietary Nutrient Allowances for Poultry," pp. 66-74, Feedstuffs, Jul. 17, 1996.
Garnett Kevin M.
Gierhart Dennis L.
Guerra-Santos Luis H.
Applied Food Biotechnology, Inc.
Kelly Patrick D.
Krass Frederick
LandOfFree
Zeaxanthin formulations for human ingestion does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Zeaxanthin formulations for human ingestion, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Zeaxanthin formulations for human ingestion will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1612765