Textiles: weaving – Fabrics – Special shape
Patent
1997-12-15
1999-12-14
Falik, Andy
Textiles: weaving
Fabrics
Special shape
139DIG1, 139 11, 139192, 139100, 139105, 139390, 139 59, 428 352, 428 355, 428 361, 428257, 2807281, 264257, D03D 1300, D03D 4100, D03D 2500
Patent
active
060004428
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention refers to a process for weaving a three-dimensionally formed fabric zone.
Such a process is known from DE- 39 15 085 A1. In this known process, the warp threads are drawn off at the selvage at different speeds. Thereby, the three-dimensionally bulging fabric zone is formed by increasing the distances between the weft threads, i.e.: reducing the number of the points of intersection. The 3D shape of these fabric zones is unstable and the fabric structure depends on the 3D shape.
Other processes for weaving three-dimensional shells of fabric operate by varying the distances between the warp threads (U.S. Pat. No. 3,132,671; EP 0302012 A1).
These known processes are based on the principle to achieve the bulging of the fabric zone by increasing the distances between the threads, i. e.: by reducing the number of points of intersection per unit area. Therefore, the three-dimensionally bulged zones comprise a disaggregated structure, so that a net-like structure may be provided. The resistance of such areas against being displaced is too small for further processing. The physical, especially the mechanical properties are reduced in comparison to other fabric areas and are not homogeneous in all directions.
A further process for directly manufacturing a three-dimensional shell geometry includes weaving a cone as a two-layered area. Then the cone is cut out of the set of warp threads and spread (Rothe, H., Wiedemann, G.; Deutsche Textiltechnik 13 (1963) p. 95-101).
The invention is based on the object to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above. It is aimed at producing an arbitrarily three-dimensionally formed fabric zone the structures of which can be predetermined and set arbitrarily--independently of the three-dimensional form--especially with regard to density and homogeneity in the direction of warp and weft. The 3D shape is especially supposed to be stable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention are achieved by the provision of a process and apparatus which includes interweaving warp and weft threads to form a fabric and forming a bulging zone in the fabric by changing the density of the crossing points by changing the number of yarns and/or changing the weave pattern.
A fabric is primarily defined by the number of the points of intersection as well as the number of crossing points thereof. The number of points of intersection per unit area is the product of the number of warp threads and the number of weft threads in this unit area. By crossing point is meant a point of intersection where a change of the warp threads involved between upper and lower shed has occurred.
According to the present invention, the number of crossing points in the three-dimensional fabric zone is changed. In smaller zones, it is possible to work with a constant draw-off speed of the warp threads running through the fabric zone which speed is equal across the width of the fabric.
Preferably, however, the draw-off speeds of the warp threads running through the fabric zone are varied, i. e.: increased, e. g. in order to avoid forming a preliminary fabric i.e. a woven structure in the track of the beat-up motion.
In order to compensate for the increased distances between the weft threads caused in this process, i. e.: the reduction of the number of points of intersection, the density of crossing points is increased beyond forming the 3D shape.
Because of the invention, it is possible not only to weave a three-dimensional fabric zone but also to control the structure of this fabric zone by influencing, i. e.: increasing or decreasing the number of crossing points per unit area--and in a limited way even the number of points of intersection per unit area--in a desired manner. Thereby, a lot of parameters can be influenced, such as, for instance, stability, elasticity, resistance to displacement, fabric thickness, atmospheric resistance, permeability and filtration characteristics towards liquids, optical effects (transparency, translucency).
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