Telecommunications – Transmitter and receiver at separate stations – Short range rf communication
Reexamination Certificate
1999-01-05
2001-08-14
Eisenzopf, Reinhard J. (Department: 2682)
Telecommunications
Transmitter and receiver at separate stations
Short range rf communication
C455S073000, C455S343200
Reexamination Certificate
active
06275681
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to contactless battery charging systems and wireless communication systems. Particularly the present invention relates to systems for charging and communicating with rechargeable RFID transceivers and smart cards.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Battery charging systems are not new. They are used to recharge batteries in many products used today including an automobile, a cordless telephone or cell phone, flashlights, calculators, portable computers, portable stereos, and may be used to directly recharge batteries themselves. Most of these charging systems require some sort of wire connection or physical contact with electrodes in order to recharge a battery.
Inductive or electromagnetic charging systems were introduced in order to charge systems without requiring a physical electrical connection. These were introduced for example in charging a battery in an electric tooth brush or batteries in electric automobiles. These electromagnetic charging systems eliminated the use of physical contacts or electrodes. This avoided the wear on physical contacts or electrodes normally associated with the numerous times a device would be recharged. Additionally the systems were more user friendly in that the devices were easier to recharge. The charging system for an automobile or tooth brush is an inductive or electromagnetic charging system having coils to transmit an electromagnetic field from the battery charger and receive the electromagnetic field in order to generate current within the device being charged. Coils for transmitting and receiving a charge tend to be large and cumbersome making it very difficult to integrate the charging components into a very small area. Previously space was not a large problem because previous battery charged devices, such as the tooth brush and automobile, have sufficient space for the relatively large charging components. Additionally, prior battery charged devices have required large capacity storage and efficient battery charging systems and often times included a magnetic core to increase charging efficiency. A magnetic core added to an inductive charging systems makes it more difficult to integrate a charging system into a very small area.
Today there are systems where it is desirable to manufacture rechargeable active devices at high volumes and low costs thereby increasing the utility and avoiding the early disposal of low cost active devices. An example of these are smart cards where information about a card holder or a card holder's accounts or finances may be stored. To inexpensively manufacture rechargeable active devices such as these, it is desirable to reduce the size of the energy storage components and use less expensive components that may have relatively low storage capacity. Additionally, it is desirable to extend the life of rechargeable active devices by providing smaller energy storage components and eliminating physical contact mechanisms ordinarily used in battery charging systems.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a first embodiment, the present invention includes an electrostatic system for charging or communicating with an electrostatic rechargeable device or transceiver such as a smart card or radio frequency identification (RFID) card without requiring physical contact to electrodes. The electrostatic system may include an electrostatic reader, an electrostatic charger, an electrostatic programmer or encoder, and an electrostatic transceiver or other electrostatic rechargeable device. The electrostatic rechargeable device or transceiver has components, including a charge receiver and an energy storage means, for being charged by an electrostatic system. The energy storage means may be any energy storage device including a rechargeable battery or capacitor. In a second embodiment, a combination electrostatic/electromagnetic reader is provided so that an active electromagnetic transceiver or an active electrostatic transceiver may have its energy storage means charged. In a third embodiment, the electrostatic rechargeable device or transceiver has components, including an electrostatic charge receiver, an electromagnetic charge receiver and an energy storage device, such that it may be alternatively charged by an electrostatic system or an electromagnetic system for compatibility in either system. In a fourth embodiment, the rechargeable transceiver includes a power manager to automatically select a power source to power the rechargeable transceiver such that it can operate passively or actively.
It is an object of the present invention to charge an electrostatic rechargeable device without physical contact by an electrostatic charger, an electrostatic reader or an electrostatic programmer/encoder.
It is another object of the present invention to optionally charge an electrostatic rechargeable device without physical contact by an electrostatic charger or an electrostatic/electromagnetic charger or electrostatic/electromagnetic reader.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrostatic rechargeable device that can be charged by either an electromagnetic communication system or an electrostatic communication system without physical contact.
A still further object of the present invention is to increase the life of a rechargeable electrostatic rechargeable device.
A still further object of the present invention is to decrease the size of the components within a rechargeable system.
Another object of the present invention is to lower the cost of manufacturing of an electrostatic rechargeable device such as a smart card.
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Rolin John Howard
Vega Victor Allen
Bhattacharya Sam
Eisenzopf Reinhard J.
Hughes Terri S.
Motorola Inc.
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