Fluid reaction surfaces (i.e. – impellers) – Multiple axially spaced working members – Circumferentially offset
Reexamination Certificate
2002-04-26
2003-12-23
Look, Edward K. (Department: 3745)
Fluid reaction surfaces (i.e., impellers)
Multiple axially spaced working members
Circumferentially offset
C416S119000, C415S004200, C415S141000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06666650
ABSTRACT:
The invention relates to a wind power facility with a vertical rotor for producing energy, 3-wing rotor being used. The 3-wing rotor operates with a rotor axle, which stands vertically in the wind. The field of use for the inventive wind power facility with a vertical rotor is the home area as well as the industrial area. In addition, the use of these wind power facilities is possible practically in wind parks, on the roofs of buildings and also on ships.
The DE 31 29 680 discloses a wind wheel for converting wind energy into rotational movement, for which, for a wind power machine, with a rotor, which is constructed with a plurality of rotor blades and the rotor axle of which is perpendicular to the plane of the possible wind direction, an increase in efficiency is said to be achieved owing to the fact that the rotor is surrounded by a stator, which has a plurality of stator blades, which are equally far apart, extend obliquely to the rotor, terminate at a lateral peripheral surface of the rotor and formed channels which taper towards the rotor.
It is, however, a disadvantage of this wind wheel and its facility that they utilize too small a portion of the admission surfaces, standing in the wind, for conversion into energy. This is due to the fact that the admission surfaces sit too flat, as a result of which about one-fourth of the wind power does not have an effect and is passed to the outside. Since there is no flow-through of the rotor, the flow velocity attained is less than that absolutely necessary by about 15 percent. At best, this rotor is able to convert only about 15 percent of the wind power from the area of the pressure. As a result, the output decreases appreciably under load.
This equipment is therefore not suitable for small a wind speeds. In the selected arrangement, the rotor and the admission surfaces do not ensure an effective interaction.
Moreover, a further wind power facility is known from the WO 81/00463. This facility has 12 admission surfaces which, however, are constructed too flat, the horizontally disposed admission surfaces being sent at too steep an angle. This is associated with the disadvantage that an undesirably high pressure builds up, as a result of which there is backflow. The rotor has twenty-four blades and works without flow-through, about 15% of the necessary flow velocity, which is absolutely necessary, not been realized. Since only the compressive force in the rotor is working, only about 15% of the wind force is converted. Under load, the output collapses, so that this equipment is not suitable low wind velocities ranging preferably from the 1 m/s to about 3 m/s. The compressive force works in the rotor wings only up to the end of the deflecting vane and transfers the pressure subsequently into the next, compartment, where it then undesirably becomes a counterpressure.
Furthermore, the DE 30 01 385 discloses another solution. The rotor consist here of blades, as a result of which it is not suitable for any practical flow-through. Because the attack angle is too flat, the selected solution with 12 admission surfaces does not make an optimum, that is, the largest possible wind attack surface possible, as a result of which the blades convert only the pressure from the wind force. The blades in the rotor discharge the pressure in the subsequent admission compartment, as a result of which there are, once again, undesirable counter-flows. With this solution also, the disadvantage may be noted that the output abates very rapidly and the utilization of a wind velocity of the order of only 1 m/s to about 3 m/s is not possible.
Furthermore, with the WO 91/19093 “VALSAMIDIS” a solution is known, which works on the principle of flow-through, the forces from the wind been utilized in the form of the pressure as well as of the sail pull. In this connection, 16 admission surfaces are matched to an eight-wing rotor. The deflection vanes, as characteristic features, have a conical shape, which, however, brings about no improvement for the ascent of the flow, since the guide vanes are constructed too narrow. A variable configuration of the angle of slope is unnecessary, because, in the case of an accurately adjusted ratio between rotor wings and admission surfaces, a constant occurs, which realizes an approximately 15% flow-through. The guide vanes, disclosed in the VALSAMIDIS solution, moreover have the pressure side tangents of the aerodynamic configuration disposed structurally on the wrong side. The round openings in the center of this equipment, described pursuant to the solution, take away the possibility of flow transposition from the flow-through wings. In addition, there is the disclosure that the cover plate and the base plate may be perforated, as a result of which the flow disadvantageously emerges to the outside at a non-working side. The wings of this solution are constructed sickle-shaped with the configuration of a quarter moon. However, it is already known from aircraft construction that this shape of wing conceivably has poor lift values. The construction selected, with the admission surface principle indicated, brings about a utilization of about 85 percent of the wind surface at the building or at the facility. The admission surface exposition disclosed represents a relatively advantageous embodiment, but does not come close to the ideal state. In this way, the wind is diverted to the outside, as a result of which a loss in capacity is to be noted in the final analysis. In spite of the given flow-through capability, the eight rotor wings form a funnel, which hinders flow-through. For the rotor wing shape selected, these wings are constructed too short, as a result of which the path of work of the wind is also too short. Consequently, only the wind pressure and the sail pull are working in this equipment, the aerodynamics not being advantageous. The flow-through air does not work from the inside to the outside, because the air is not effective counter to the funnel behavior of the wings. The distance between the rotor and the housing of the admission surfaces is a disadvantageously large. The horizontal admission surfaces, which could prevent such a loss, are absent in this equipment.
The DE 88 04 674 discloses a further variation of the solution with a vertical rotor, which operates according to the Savonius principle. For this variation, only the angle of incidence and the curvature of the wing are changed. Due to the heavily rounded wing surfaces, the flow-through rotor becomes an extremely slow-running rotor. The braking due to the blades, running in the opposite direction in the wind pressure, is disadvantageous. This equipment does not have a sail pull or aerodynamics. If it were to be equipped with introducing surfaces, it would work relatively well at low wind velocities as a slow-running rotor. At higher wind velocities, this slow-running rotor levels out rapidly, comparable with a centrifugal governor, to a low r.p.m. This rotor is not suitable as a high-performance rotor.
It is therefore an object of the invention to develop a wind power facility with a vertical rotor and associated guiding surfaces, which converts all possible wind forces optimally into energy. Special attention is paid to a best-possible collaboration and conversion of all useful forces from the wind.
Aside from the various utilizations of the converted wind energies, attention is paid to a usable frequency stability and to an advantageously adapted, well-balanced weight distribution, which can be noted in the interaction between the admission surface elements, rotor, rotor wings and building. Moreover, it is also a special object of the invention that the work of recovering energy is commenced already at a wind velocity of 1.5 m/sec. Moreover, it is an objective that the wind power facility operates reliably even in hurricane situations and does not have to be taken out of the wind. This has to happen in such a manner that the facility can utilize even high wind velocities fully, without having to be braked, for recovering energy. In this connection
Jordan and Hamburg LLP
Look Edward K.
McAleenan J. M.
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