Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or... – Involving antigen-antibody binding – specific binding protein...
Reexamination Certificate
1996-12-13
2001-08-28
Huff, Sheela (Department: 1642)
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...
Involving antigen-antibody binding, specific binding protein...
C435S007240
Reexamination Certificate
active
06280962
ABSTRACT:
Throughout this application, various publications may be referenced by Arabic numerals in brackets. Full citations for these publications may be found at the end of the specification preceding the claims. The disclosures of the publications cited herein are in their entirety hereby incorporated by reference into this application to more fully describe the state of the art to which this invention pertains.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cancer or tumor cells emerge from the “normal” floura of cells in the body (both human and any other animals known to have tumors). Becoming cancerouse/tumorogenic involves cellular changes. While these changes start off as mutations in the genetic code of the cells, the changes in the behavior of the cell stems from changes in protein/protein expression levels/protein expression.
Structures that are unique to the tumor cell are “tumor antigens”. Structures that are not unique to the tumor cell yet might be expressed differently or in access amounts on it are considered “tumor associated antigens”. It is wrong to concentrate only on the protein sequence (i.e. also the genomic sequence) as the sole source for changes. Sometimes it is the “coating” of the protein with carbohydrates or lipids that determines its antigenicity. If we take for example the MUCIN from the mammary glands, the protein does not change in the tumor cell, yet antibodies are found against it in patients with breast cancer (and sometimes ovarian cancer too). The reason for it, most probably, is that the protein in the normal cell is not exposed at all due to a dense and thick coat of carbohydrate chains (ie. the protein is very heavily glycosylated). In the tumor cell glycosylation is incomplete thus leading to newly exposed protein sequences that serve (or can serve) as new antigens to the immune system.
Thus any structure that appears to the immune system as new can be considered as a tumor antigen. Another general example of a normal protein appearing and serving as a new antigen for the immune system is that of normal proteins appearing in new context, such as embryonic proteins on mature (or adult) cells. Then the new epitopes would be in the interface between the two structures, an interface that forms new forms and structures for the immune system to see and react to.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides a method of detecting a subject with cancer, comprising the following steps; a) obtaining a whole blood sample from the subject; b) incubating the whole blood sample in a culture in the presence of a media containing a mitogen, so as to induce polyclonal activation of lymphocytic cells leading to antibody production; c) exposing the resultant culture of step b) to an specific tumor antigen, thereby allowing an antigen-antibody immune complex to form; d) detecting the antigen-antibody immune complex of step c); wherein the presence of tumor specific antibody is indicative of the subject having cancer.
Lastly, this invention provides a kit for the detection of a subject having ovarian or breast cancer.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5221610 (1993-06-01), Montagnier et al.
patent: 5478724 (1995-12-01), Morse et al.
patent: 5576176 (1996-11-01), Adams et al.
patent: 5637453 (1997-06-01), Jehuda-Cohen
patent: 195 15 219 A (1996-10-01), None
patent: 0203 403 A (1986-12-01), None
patent: WO93/11435 A (1993-06-01), None
patent: WO 93 14189 A (1993-07-01), None
Hofmann, et al., “Lymphocyte transformation response to pokeweed mitogen as a predictive marker for development of AIDS and AIDS related symptom in homosexual men with HIV antibodies”,British Medical Journal, vol. 295, pp. 293-295 (Aug. 1, 1987).
Loche, et al., “Identification of HIV-infected seronegative individuals by a direct diagnostic test based on hybridisation to amplified viral DNA”,The Lancet, pp. 418-421 (Aug. 20, 1988).
Saito, et al., “Detection of HTLV-1 Genome in Seronegative Infants Born to HTLV-1 Seropositive Mothers by Polymerase Chain Reaction”,Jpn. J. Cancer Res., vol. 80, pp. 808-812 (Sep. 1989).
Steckelberg, et al., “Subsepecialty Clinics” Infectious Diseases -Seronegative Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibodies”,Mayo Clin. Proc., vol. 63, p. 373-380 (1988).
Stramer, et al., “Markers of HIV Infection Prior to 1gG Antibody Seropositivity”, JAMA, Clinical Investigation, vol. 262, No. 1, pp. 64-69 (Jul. 7, 1989).
Hofmann, et al., “HIV-Induced Immunodeficiency—Relatively Preserved Phytohemagglutinin as Opposed to Decreased Pokeweed Mitogen Response May be Due to Possibly Preserved Responses Via CD2 Phytohemagglutinin Pathway”,J. Immunol., vol. 142, No. 6, pp. 1874-1880 (Mar. 15, 1989).
Serke, et al., “Lymphocyte activation by phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen—identification of proliferating cells by monoclonal antibodies”,Journal of Immunological Methods, vol. 99, pp. 167-172 (1987).
Amadori, et al., “HIV-1 Specific B Cell Activation—A Major Constituent of Spontaneous B Cell Activation during HIV-1 Infection”,The Journal of Immunology, vol. 143, No. 7, pp. 2146-2152 (Oct. 1, 1989).
Rosenkoetter, et al., “T Cell Regulation of Polyclonally Induced Immunoglubin Secretion in Humans”,The Journal of Immunology, vol. 132, No. 4, pp. 1779-1783 (Apr. 1984).
Levinson, et al., “In vitro IgM rheumatoid-factor production induced by tetanus toxoid”,J. alergy Clin. Immunol., pp. 730-736 (Apr. 1988).
Karsh, et al., “In vitro IgM and IgM rheumatoid factor production in response toStaphylococcus aureusCowan I and pokeweed mitogen: the contribution of CD530(Leu 1) B cells”,Clin. Exp. Immunol., vol. 77, pp. 179-183 (1989).
Edelman, et al., “AIDS: a syndrome of immune dysregulation, dysfunction, and deficiency”,The FASEB Journal, vol. 3, pp. 22-30 (Jan. 1989).
Dorsett, et al. “Anti-Lymphocyte Antibodies in Patients with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome”,The American Journal of Medicine, vol. 78, pp. 621-626 (Apr. 1985).
Kopelman, et al., “Association of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Autoimmune Phenomena ”,The American Journal of Medicine, vol. 84, pp. 82-88 (Jan. 1988).
Golding, et al., “Identification of Homologous Regions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Igp41 and Human MHC Class II &bgr; 1 Domain”,Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 167, pp. 914-923 (Mar. 1988).
Imagaway, et al. “Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Homosexual Men Who Remain Seronegative for Prolonged Periods”,The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 320, No. 22, pp. 1458-1462 (Jun. 1, 1989).
Wolinsky, et al., “Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection a Median of 18 Months before a Diagnostic Western Blot”,American College of Physicians—Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 111, No. 12, pp. 961-972 (Dec. 15, 1989).
Pahwah, et al., “Influence of the human T-lymphotropic virus-lymphadenopathy-associated virus on functions of human lymphocytes: Evidence for immunosuppressive effects and polyclonal B-cell activation by banded viral preparations”,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 82, pp. 8198-8202 (Dec. 1988).
Weimer, et al., “B Lymphocyte Response as an Indicator of Acute Renal Transplant Rejection”,Transplantation, vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 572-575 (Oct. 1989).
Primi, et al., “Sera from Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Injected Mice Exhibit Comoplement-Dependant Cytotoxicity against Syngeneic and Autologous Spleen Cells”,Cellular Immunology, vol. 32, pp. 252-262 (1977).
Thomas, et al, “Functional Analysis of Human T Cell Subsets Defined by Monoclonal Antibodies”,J. Immunol., vol. 125, No. 6, pp. 2402-2407 (Dec. 1980).
Stevens, et al., “Regulation of antibody isotype secretion by subsets of antigen-specific helper T cells”,Nature, vol. 334, pp. 255-258 (Jul. 21, 1988).
Yamauchi, et al. “Suppression of Hepatitis B antibody Synthesis by Factor Made by T Cells from Chronic Hepatitis B Carriers”,The Lancet, pp. 324-326 (Feb. 13, 1988).
R. Yarchoan, “Mechanisms of B Cell Activation in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Related Disorders”,Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 78, pp. 439-447 (1986).
M. Leroux, “A Whole-Blood Lymphoproliferation Assay For Measuring Cellular Immunity Against Herpes Vir
Eitan Pearl Latzer & Cohen-Zedek
Huff Sheela
Yoreh Biotechnologies Ltd.
LandOfFree
Whole blood/mitogen assay for the early detection of a... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Whole blood/mitogen assay for the early detection of a..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Whole blood/mitogen assay for the early detection of a... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2493978