Fluid sprinkling – spraying – and diffusing – With system fluid relief or return to supply
Patent
1989-08-02
1991-11-26
Kashnikow, Andres
Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
With system fluid relief or return to supply
239463, 239493, 239497, B05B 134
Patent
active
050676555
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a whirl nozzle for atomizing a liquid comprising a whirl chamber rising above a whirl chamber bottom and tapering towards a nozzle outlet orifice opposite the whirl chamber bottom, at least one whirl channel laterally offset in relation to a central axis of the whirl chamber and opening into the whirl chamber, and a whirl parameter of >1.
In such known whirl nozzles, the liquid to be atomized flows through the whirl channel preferably in a tangential direction into the whirl chamber in which it moves in the direction of the central axis of the whirl chamber, with its circumferential velocity increasing as it does so. With a whirl parameter of the whirl nozzle of >1, the liquid cannot flow as far as to the central axis on account of the centrifugal forces, and, therefore, an air core extending over the total height of the whirl chamber forms around the central axis. The liquid flows around this air core and hence passes through the nozzle outlet orifice as a rotating liquid film ring and subsequently forms a liquid film core which disintegrates into small liquid droplets as a result of its own instability.
In order to obtain liquid droplets which are as fine as possible, a large air core diameter is desired. This is attainable only with a correspondingly large whirl input pulse of the liquid jet. On the one hand, this could be increased by the tangential velocity of the liquid jet being increased. However, this tangential velocity is practically determined by a maximum pressure based on expediency and a minimum cross-section on account of the danger of clogging. On the other hand, the whirl input pulse could be increased by increasing the so-called whirl channel eccentricity, i.e., the distance of a central line of the whirl channel from the central axis. In the known whirl nozzles, however, this measure increases the whirl losses which are dependent on an air core diameter and an air core length and, therefore, in practice, no further improvements are possible in the known whirl nozzles with respect to the whirl channel eccentricity.
The object underlying the invention is, therefore, to improve a whirl nozzle of the generic kind such that an increase in the whirl input pulse is possible while the whirl losses remain the same or are reduced.
This object is accomplished, in accordance with the invention, in a whirl nozzle of the kind described at the beginning in that a displacement element rises above the whirl chamber bottom to prevent formation of an air core in a region of the whirl chamber near the bottom, the displacement element being arranged concentrically with the central axis and the section of the displacement element near the bottom having an external diameter corresponding to at least one diameter of the nozzle outlet orifice. The inventive provision of the displacement element has the advantage that in the region near the bottom, the whirl chamber has the shape of an annular space extending around the displacement element and so no air core resulting in the whirl nozzle losses described above can form in this region. Hence in the inventive whirl nozzle, the whirl channel eccentricity can be chosen larger without an overall increase in the whirl losses and so high atomizing efficiency of the inventive whirl nozzles is achievable. It is even possible to increase the whirl channel eccentricity to the extent that the tangential velocity of the liquid jet can be chosen lower and hence a cross-section of the whirl channels larger, which reduces the danger of the nozzle becoming clogged.
Within the scope of the inventive solution, it has proven particularly advantageous for the displacement element to extend with a mean diameter corresponding to at least the diameter of the nozzle outlet orifices over at least approximately half of the height of the whirl chamber in the direction towards the nozzle outlet orifice.
It is, however, even more expedient for the displacement element to extend with a mean diameter corresponding to at least the diameter of the nozzle outlet or
REFERENCES:
patent: 1008119 (1911-11-01), Dahl
patent: 1650128 (1927-11-01), Hubbard
patent: 1757023 (1930-05-01), Smith
patent: 1837339 (1931-12-01), Schlick
patent: 2017467 (1935-10-01), Loomis
patent: 2065161 (1936-12-01), Thompson
patent: 2176356 (1939-10-01), Paasche
patent: 2374041 (1945-04-01), Saha
Research Report of VLR-F8 87-25 (ISSN 0171-1342), p.22 (German Language).
Farago Zoltan
Schork Tom
Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt
Grant William
Kashnikow Andres
Lipsitz Barry R.
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