Brakes – Elements – Shoes
Patent
1994-04-11
1996-10-15
Oberleitner, Robert J.
Brakes
Elements
Shoes
F16D 5502, F16D 6900
Patent
active
055645330
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to improvements in disc brake assemblies and components therefore, particularly, but not exclusively, for use in light utility motor vehicles.
Conventional light utility motor vehicles now find a ready application in personnel transportation roles on and around mine sites where brake housings and components are likely to be splashed with or completely immersed in highly corrosive liquors. Other situations also exist where vehicle wheels and brake assemblies are likely to come into contact with corrosive liquors such as operation in or around sea or salt water. In these and other comparable applications, many components do not provide low maintenance and reliability which is usual in on-highway use. This is due to the severity of conditions encountered both on the sites and on the service roads accessing the mines and in the other applications.
The environmentally exposed dry friction brakes of the type employed on marketplace light utility vehicles are substantially affected by operating condition effects. Abrasive dusting on roads, and frequent inundation in water and mud on the actual sites bring about both high parts wear rates and parts corrosion. On those sites where dissolved salts and dissolved minerals are present in ground water, brake attrition by corrosion can be so severe that it produces unacceptable safety hazards.
Since the trackless vehicle mining concept has become commonplace, multi-plate oil immersed friction brakes have been widely employed to isolate vehicle braking systems from environmental damage. The multi-plate type brake has the drawback that it requires quite different mount spaces to conventional dry friction brakes and utilizes different activation systems. The multi-plate enclosed brake system is thus only suitable for custom designed machines where wheel disc shapes, wheel stud arrangements, hub dimensions and brake actuation systems can be chosen during the design stage to provide for multiple plate brakes requirements. Multi-disc brakes also have the disadvantage that, without severe modifications, only one brake effect system can be used per wheel. That is, with individual or separate pads, two or more pad pairs can be used per wheel with at least one pair being operated from an independent actuation system to act as an emergency brake. Furthermore, multi disc brake assemblies require that the softer faced composite (or friction material) discs be rotated so as to assist cooling because of oil circulation difficulties as a result of the tightly packed stack of discs. Thus, the oil also needs to be pumped over or through the metal pans. This difficulty does not occur with single disc/discrete pad arrangements because a much more favorable heat sink results from the use of a thicker metal disc and natural even heat transfer because the metal disc is rotated. As a result of the foregoing, even when designed as original equipment, multi disc brakes tend to be for more complicated and expensive than a single metal disc brake with opposed pairs of friction pads.
The introduction of non-specialized marketplace vehicles equipped with environment exposed single disc (or drum) dry friction brake systems was done to lower the cost of personnel transportation within and around mines. An important aspect of the use of these low cost vehicles is that they can be resold after an appropriate service cycle to recover part of the capital expenditure.
The retrofitment of any brake system on such vehicles cannot thus require extensive vehicle modifications or it defeats the reason for using common marketplace vehicles in the first instance. In essence, whatever brake mount space is available on the corporate produced marketplace vehicles and the wheel studding configuration, the application system must be retained to satisfy the market dictates.
The net effect of the above clearly sets design parameters for a retrofittable product. A brake system suitable for retrofitment to light utility type marketplace motor vehicles should preferably achieve or at least appr
REFERENCES:
patent: 1890425 (1932-12-01), Whitworth
patent: 2163884 (1939-06-01), Brie
patent: 2799367 (1957-07-01), Dotto
patent: 4030185 (1977-06-01), Hahm et al.
Oberleitner Robert J.
Poon Peter M.
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