Data processing: measuring – calibrating – or testing – Measurement system in a specific environment – Chemical analysis
Reexamination Certificate
2000-08-31
2003-04-01
Hoff, Marc S. (Department: 2857)
Data processing: measuring, calibrating, or testing
Measurement system in a specific environment
Chemical analysis
C702S011000, C702S050000, C073S031040, C073S03200R, C073S039000, C700S075000, C700S083000, C210S088000, C210S097000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06542827
ABSTRACT:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Not applicable.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not applicable.
BACKGROUND
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method and apparatus, specifically to a method and apparatus used to monitor, control, and manage operational parameters associated with well pumping activities, especially in regard to drawdown and yield of a well or aquifer.
2. Discussion of Prior Art
Water management is important in many fields. Municipalities, agricultural concerns, construction projects, and remediation projects all encounter water management issues. Whether it is testing a new source of water, controlling operational parameters of an operating well, monitoring an excavation site for possible water-related landmass failures, or directing groundwater flow in pump and treat remediation projects, water management plays an important role in modern industry.
Municipalities and agricultural concerns need water in order to function. One of the principal sources of water for municipal and agricultural supply is groundwater via groundwater production wells. In order to test the suitability of these sources of water for use in municipal or agricultural applications, drawdown and yield of the well must be determined. Typically, this is done by controlling the flow of water from the well during an aquifer test.
In an aquifer test, certain parameters need to be considered if the performance of a well is to be determined. These parameters are well-recognized in the prior art and include: Static Water Level, Pumping Water Level, Drawdown, Residual Drawdown, Well Yield, and Specific Capacity. See
Ground Water and Wells, A Reference Book for the Water
-
Well Industry
, Johnson Division, UOP Inc., p. 81-82 (6th printing 1980).
Static Water Level is the water level in a well before testing or pumping. Pumping Water Level, also known as Dynamic Water Level, is the water level at any point in time while water is pumped from the well. Drawdown is the difference, measured in units of distance, between the water level before testing or pumping and the Pumping Water Level. Residual Drawdown is the difference, measured in units of distance, between the water level before testing or pumping and the water level at any given time after pumping has ceased. Well Yield is the volume of water removed from the well during testing or pumping. Thus, Well Yield is measured in units of volume per units of time. Specific Capacity is the ratio of Well Yield to Drawdown. Therefore, Specific Capacity is measured in units of volume per units of time per units of distance. Well Yield and Specific Capacity test results are used to determine the maximum sustainable water level, performance, and efficiency of a groundwater production well or aquifer.
Aquifer testing is an arduous task. Technical and operating personnel must travel to the location of the source of water. They must set-up numerous pieces of equipment, wasting time and money. After the equipment is finally in place, testing begins and does not stop for periods that range from 12 to 48 hours or longer. During this time, an on-site geological technician oversees the testing. Once the test begins, it continues regardless of inhospitable climatic and environmental working conditions. These conditions often include wind, rain, lightning, snow, sleet, ice, and hail. Furthermore, workers are subject to injury from insects, snakes, and from falls or muscular strains due to standing or walking over uneven and/or slippery ground.
As a result of these inhospitable conditions, data collected during the testing is often “noisy.” Instead of watching the equipment, making adjustments to the flow valve as necessary, and taking the required readings, the workers' vigilance is often compromised by the inhospitable conditions outlined above. Even under optimal conditions, maintaining a constant flow by manual means is nearly impossible under rapidly changing water levels. The result is a scattering of data points and inaccurate findings relative to the capacity and characteristics of the well source.
After testing is completed and a source of water is adopted as a municipal water well, continued management over the source is statutorily mandated. That is, municipal water wells are restricted by state regulations as to the quantity of water that can be withdrawn from municipal aquifers. Simply put, yield from the municipal water well must be controlled.
Proficient management of water resources involves control over pumping rates, associated water level drawdown, and well yield. Currently, although larger municipalities can afford to employ some crude forms of mechanical assistance, most municipalities control water discharge rates and volumes manually. In these manual control systems, an operator must attend to valve control by reading meters and physically adjusting the valve. Response time depends upon the operator's skill and attention, which often is dulled by repetition and tedium. The industry needs a device which can be installed into an existing municipal water well framework to facilitate more efficient use and to improve performance of municipal water well operations.
Another industry concerned with water management is the construction industry. Difficulties are encountered in this field when dewatering of a subsurface is required by earthmoving, excavation, or similar projects. It is important that pumping rate and associated drawdown and yield are carefully monitored during these operations. If drawdown and yield are excessive, the landmass in question could lose buoyancy and fail, resulting in a landslide. Construction engineers do not presently have the capability to easily and accurately monitor or control the drawdown and measure the yield from embankments located in remote areas.
Additionally, water management is necessary in the field of groundwater pump and treat remediation projects. The objective of such projects is to direct the groundwater flow path of contaminated groundwater to a collection point for removal. The drawdown at the collection point must be maintained. If pumping ceases and drawdown is not maintained, the flow path reverts to its natural path, allowing contaminants to escape collection. Presently, remediation pumps shut off when drawdown exceeds the depth of the pump, leaving the groundwater free to revert to its natural path. A need exists in this field to control operational parameters such that drawdown can be maintained and the groundwater flow path can be controlled or otherwise sustained.
A comprehensive solution is needed to solve the aforementioned difficulties. One that is easy to deploy, operate, and maintain. One which can perform in remote locations, at developed sites, or within existing municipal water well frameworks. One that can serve the various needs of numerous industries.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention a well tender comprises control equipment, testing equipment, and communication equipment providing an apparatus and method to remotely control, monitor, record, and transmit operational parameters during an aquifer test, municipal well operation, dewatering project, pump and treat remediation project, or similar activity.
Objects and Advantages
Accordingly, the objects and advantages of the invention are:
A) to provide a method to monitor, control, record, and transmit operational parameters of an aquifer test, municipal well, dewatering project, pump and treat remediation project, or similar activity.
B) to provide an apparatus to monitor, control, record, and transmit operational parameters of an aquifer test, municipal well, dewatering project, pump and treat remediation project, or similar activity.
C) to provide a remotely controlled monitoring apparatus and method that can be used to test an aquifer, operate a municipal well, oversee a dewatering project, direct groundwater flow in a pump and treat remediation project, or manage a similar activity.
D) to provide an apparatus and method that can
Desta Elias
Hoff Marc S.
Kollas and Kennedy
Kollas, Esquire James W.
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