Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
Patent
1998-08-25
2000-11-07
Harrison, Robert
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
424 931, 424405, 424417, 424421, 424489, 424490, A01N 2534, A01N 6300
Patent
active
061433128
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water-floating microbial pesticide, a method for producing the microbial pesticide and a method for using the microbial pesticide.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
For controlling weeds, chemical herbicides have been mainly used. However, serious problems including environmental pollution have been arisen in last several years from the excessive use of chemical pesticides and, therefore, development of weed control agents employing no chemical substances and methods for utilizing such weed control agents have been demanded. In particular, microbial pesticides employing pathogenic microorganisms against weeds have been strongly contemplated. Examples of such microbial pesticides, including some commercially available ones which have been registered, are "DeVine" which is a herbicide against Stranglervine (Asclepiadaceae) developed in the United States, "Collego" which is a herbicide against Northern jointvetch (Leguminosae) developed in the United States and "BioMal" which is a herbicide against Round-leaved mallow (Malvacceae) developed in Canada.
"Collego" is usually sold as a set composed of powder containing spores as the effective ingredient and a solution containing sucrose for suspending the powder therein. These two components must be mixed with each other and diluted with water before use, which requires a great deal of labor. In addition, in such a formulation, raising of powder in the air tends to be caused. "DeVine" is sold in the form of a concentrate solution of the microorganism cells. This herbicide also has a defect in that it can not be stored for a long period of time. [Weed Science 34 (Suppl. 1) (1986):15-16]
In recent years, in the United States and Canada, for the purpose of making the microbial herbicides as mentioned above applicable to plowed fields, improving the adhesion properties of the microbial herbicides to the target weeds and imparting moisture retention on leaves of the weed to make it easy for the microbial herbicides to penetrate in host weeds, studies have been made on using a W/O type surfactant (emulsifier) [Weed Technology 5 (1991):442-444]. W/O type surfactants have been mainly used in the fields of cosmetics and foods and are generally commercially available. However, such surfactants have been rarely used in pesticides. When a W/O type surfactant is used, the finished pesticide must be applied with a specially designed spreader, which is disadvantageous in practical use. Further, when lecithin derived from. crude plant oil is used as the W/O type surfactant, problems in quality control of a lecithin product would arise owing to lot-to-lot variation in lecithin content, color variation in the crude oil and malodor of the lecithin product. Therefore, such formulation has not been practically used yet.
On the other hand, in recent years in Japan, microbial herbicides employing pathogenic microorganisms against weeds have also been studied. In particular, the development of microbial herbicides against Echinochloa crus-galli has been advanced. For example, as such microbial herbicides applicable to paddy fields, those employing as effective ingredient Cochliobolus lunatus [Weed Research (1987), 27, 43-47; Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 5-284963], Ustilago trichophora [WO93/05656], and Drechslera monoceras (another name of Exserohilum monoceras) [Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Nos. 3-219883, 4-226905, 4-360678, 4-370090, 6-277042, 6-329513, 6-247822, 7-31467, 7-79784 and 8-175917] have been known. It has also been proposed to formulate a herbicide containing a pathogenic microorganism against Echinochloa crus-galli alone or in combination with a base component of a conventional chemical herbicide in the similar manner as those for formulating a conventional chemical herbicide [Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Nos. 4-226905 and 4-360678]. However, these formulations have same forms as those of conventional chemical herbicides. For example, a granular formulation tends to settle on
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Gohbara Masatoshi
Tsukamoto Hiroshi
Harrison Robert
Japan Tobacco Inc.
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