Toilet – Methods – Hair treatment by application of specific chemical composition
Reexamination Certificate
2002-09-13
2004-02-17
Egwim, Kelechi C. (Department: 1713)
Toilet
Methods
Hair treatment by application of specific chemical composition
C526S303100, C526S307200, C526S307300, C526S307400
Reexamination Certificate
active
06691715
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to novel water soluble ampholyte polymers, polymer compositions and methods for using such polymers in applications wherein polymer deposition and substantivity is important. In general terms, the polymers and polymer compositions of the present invention are believed to be useful in the treatment of substrates or used in combination with substrates such as those that are composed primarily of keratin, cellulose, minerals, pigments, clays and cement.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The interaction of polyelectrolyte with substrates that carry a charge is at the heart of many industrial processes. The basic science that explains the function of coagulants and flocculants can be applied to many end use applications, such as paper manufacturing, conditioning hair and skin, dispersion and suspension stabilization, as well as fluid loss control in oil field cementing and drilling operations.
For example, the surface properties of keratin are of interest in cosmetic science, and there has been a long-standing desire to discover ingredients, which will beneficially affect the topical and bulk condition of keratinous substrates, such as hair. The term “keratin” used herein refers to human or animal hair, skin and/or nails. For example, such ingredients must have adequate adherent properties, so that they are not only adsorbed initially, but are also retained on exposure to water. This property is referred to as “substantivity”, i.e., the ability of a material to be adsorbed onto keratin and to resist removal by water rinse-off.
Hair is composed of keratin, a sulfur-containing fibrous protein. The isoelectric point of keratin, and more specifically of hair, is generally in the pH range of 3.2-4.0. Therefore, at the pH of a typical shampoo, hair carries a net negative charge. Consequently, cationic polymers have long been used as conditioners in shampoo formulations, or as a separate treatment, in order to improve the wet and dry combability of the hair. The substantivity of the cationic polymers for negatively charged hair along with film formation facilitates detangling during wet hair combing and a reduction in static flyaway during dry hair combing. Cationic polymers generally also impart softness and suppleness to hair.
When cationic polymers are added to shampoos (or to skin care products such as cleaning compositions) containing anionic surfactants, formation of highly surface active association complexes generally takes place, which imparts improved foam stability to the shampoo. Maximum surface activity and foam stability, or lather, are achieved at near stoichiometric ratios of anionic surfactant: cationic polymer, where the complex is least water soluble. Generally, cationic conditioners exhibit some incompatibility at these ratios. Compatibility gives a commercially more desirable clear formulation, while incompatibility leads to a haze or precipitation, which is aesthetically less desirable in some formulations.
In many situations, there is a trade off between high cationic charge content, which leads to good substantivity and the ability to formulate clear stable formulations. The need for a highly substantive water soluble polymer that can be formulated into clear products is needed in the personal care industry.
Polyelectrolytes are also used in the papermaking process. Papermaking, as it is conventionally known, is a process of introducing an aqueous slurry of pulp or wood cellulosic fibers (which have been beaten or refined to achieve a level of fiber hydration and to which a variety of functional additives can be added) onto a screen or similar device in such a manner that the water is removed, thereby forming a sheet of the consolidated fibers, which upon pressing and drying can be processed into dry roll or sheet form. Two well known papermaking operations involve the Fourdrinier machine, the most common, and the cylinder machine. In the Fourdrinier and multicylinder operations, and in other machine operations, as typical in papermaking, the feed or inlet to the machine is an aqueous slurry or water suspension of pulp fibers which is provided from what is called the “wet end” system. In the wet end, the pulp along with other additives are mixed in an aqueous slurry and subject to mechanical and other operations such as beating and refining to improve interfiber bonding and other physical properties of the finished sheet. Additives commonly introduced along with the pulp fibers are pigments such as titanium dioxide, mineral fillers such as clay and calcium carbonate and other materials introduced into paper to achieve such properties as improved brightness, opacity, smoothness, ink receptivity, fire retardant, water resistance, increased bulk, etc. Also useful in papermaking are colloidal inorganic minerals, such as colloidal silica, which are added to what is typically known as a microparticle system to give better sheet formation.
The term “paper, as used herein, includes sheet-like masses and molded products made from natural sources, synthetics such as polyamides, polyesters, rayon and polyacrylic resins as well as from mineral fibers such as asbestos and glass. In addition, paper made from combinations of cellulosic and synthetic materials are applicable herein. Paperboard is also included within the broad term “paper”.
There remains a need for an additive that will substantively bind the fibers and other additives while not negatively impacting water removal from the forming sheet.
In an ink jet recording method, recording is generally carried out by jetting fine drops of ink using a variety of mechanisms so as to form images on a recording paper. Therefore, the recording method of ink jet type has advantages in that it is less noisy, can provide full-color prints with ease and enables high-speed printing, compared with the recording method of dot impact type.
For the paper used in such an ink jet recording method, it is usually required to have properties of (1) ensuring high-speed drying of ink, (2) being free from cissing, feathering and overflowing of ink, (3) providing recorded images of high optical density, and (4) causing no rippling trouble upon absorption of ink.
In addition, ink jet printers have had remarkable development in recent years, so that they have come to ensure considerable colorfulness and vividness in the recorded images. Thus, recording media also have been required to be higher grade merchandise. As matters now stand, it is known that higher grade recorded image which can give such a feeling of higher quality as those provided by photography or high grade printed matter can be obtained by choosing a recording medium having a glossy surface.
However, the need for reduction in running cost has also grown in proportion as prices of ink jet printers have declined. Since most of glossy recording media on the market use as their substrates more expensive materials, such as plastic films or laminated papers, they cannot meet the aforesaid need.
In contrast to the recording media on the market in which films or the like are used as substrate, cast-coated paper uses low-priced paper as a substrate and can be prepared in a relatively simple process, so that it has the advantage of a substantially lower cost. Further, as the recording side of cast-coated paper can be rendered glossy, the cast-coated paper is suitable for ink jet recording paper which can give a feeling of high quality and can provide high grade recorded images at a lower price.
High grade ink jet images depend on the formation of “dots” that contrast sharply with the color of the paper. If the ink jet dyes “wick into the paper with the ink vehicle, “fuzzy” dot boundaries result and color intensity is decreased. There remains a need for a material that will substantively bind dye or pigment particles to the surface of ink jet printed paper so that sharply contrasting intense dots are formed.
Another area in which polyelectrolytes provide benefit is in drilling fluids. It is well known that in perforating earthen formations to tap s
Chen Shih-Ruey T.
Loeffler Randy J.
Matz Gary F.
Melby Allan L.
Vozza Nicholas F.
Breininger Thomas M.
Calgon Corporation
Egwim Kelechi C.
Martin Michael B.
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