Solid anti-friction devices – materials therefor – lubricant or se – Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and... – Inorganic compound
Reexamination Certificate
2000-02-18
2001-06-05
McAvoy, Ellen M. (Department: 1764)
Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se
Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...
Inorganic compound
C508S154000, C072S042000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06242391
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water-soluble cutting fluid. More particularly, the invention relates to a water-soluble cutting fluid, which can be used as a substitute for a cutting oil to cut metals and such nonmetals as glasses and ceramics.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cutting metals such as an iron, aluminum, and various types of alloys, and nonmetals such as glasses, ceramics, special earthenware and reinforced plastics is one of the working processes for removing unnecessary parts from a workpiece with the use of a cutting tool to provide a desired shape, size or surface to the workpiece. In any cases of cutting, big friction occurs between a workpiece and a tool. Frictional heat burns the tool and makes the machined surface of the workpiece rough, and thermal expansion lowers the accuracy of the shape and the size of the workpiece and the tool, thus causing various problems. To reduce the above problems, a cutting fluid or a lubricant has been employed in cutting.
Water-soluble and water-insoluble cutting oils are commonly used as a cutting fluid or a lubricant to cut metals. A typical example of water-insoluble cutting oils is an oil solution including mineral oil, sulfur, and chlorine. The disadvantage of the oil solution is that it can be used only when the cutting temperature is low because high cutting temperature may cause the production of fire and smoke. In the meanwhile, a water-soluble cutting oil including mineral oil and the like, to which soap and sulfate are added as an emulsifier or higher alcohol and fatty acid ester are added as a binder, can be used. It is generally used after being diluted with water. Such a water-soluble cutting oil has an excellent lubricity, but on the other hand, it has low cooling property.
Water-insoluble cutting oils can be used repeatedly in cutting operation. However, the bacteria propagates in cutting oil as time goes by, and the cutting oil gives off a bad smell by the bacteria itself or the gas produced by the bacteria. The disposal of the used cutting oil has become the serious problem because the oil and emulsifier in the cutting oil inflicts a bad influence on the environment when said fluid is discharged as a waste liquid.
To prevent decay and offensive smell, antiseptic agent, mildewproof agent, and/or antibacterial substances such as amine, amide, amino acid have been added to water-soluble cutting oil. However, these agents and substances lower the quality of water-soluble cutting fluid as oil solution.
One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a water-soluble cutting fluid, which is mainly used to cut metals and nonmetals, has an excellent lubricity and cooling property, prevents abrasion of a cutting tool, and can extend service life of a tool.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a water-soluble cutting fluid, which can be used a number of times, does not provide a nutrient media for bacteria growth, and does not include environmentally-hazardous substances.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
As the result of our researches to remove the above disadvantages, we have eventually completed the present invention, namely, a water-soluble cutting fluid, which contain no or little perishable organic substances, and no oil component as a base.
A water-soluble cutting fluid of the present invention contains bromide ion, carbonic acid ion (CO
3
2−
) and hydrogencarbonate ion (HCO
3
−
), which is adjusted to pH 7.0 to 11.5. A water-soluble cutting fluid of the present invention may further contain such cations as sodium ion and potassium ion.
Said cutting fluid can be obtained by dissolving sodium carbonate and sodium bromide in water. However, a method for preparing a water-soluble cutting fluid of the present invention is not limited by the above method. It may contain other cations such as potassium as a substitute for sodium.
A water-soluble cutting fluid of the present invention may further contain fluoride ion in addition to bromide ion, carbonic acid ion and hydrogencarbonate ion.
A water-soluble cutting fluid of the present invention may contain sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium bromide and sodium fluoride, however, it is not limited by the above.
Preferably, a water-soluble cutting fluid of the present invention may contain 0.1 to 10 wt % of sodium carbonate and 0.005 to 1 wt % of sodium bromide. Such water-soluble cutting fluid is suitable for grinding, abrasive machining such as honing, lapping, and polishing. In another preferred embodiment, a water-soluble cutting fluid may contain 0.1 to 10 wt % of sodium carbonate, 0.1 to 10 wt % of sodium hydrogencarbonate, 0.005 to 1 wt % of sodium bromide, and 0.01 to 1 wt % of sodium fluoride. Such water-soluble cutting fluid is suitable for metal-cutting, drilling, and the like.
A water-soluble cutting fluid may further contain additives. Said additives may be one or more kinds selected from a group consisting of alcohols solvents, rust-preventive agents, antiseptic agents and brighteners, however, they are not limited by the above.
The term, “cutting”, is used herein in a comprehensive sense, i.e., to broadly refer to cutting metals and nonmetals such as cutting with an edge tool, turning, drilling, planing and milling, grinding with abrasive grain such as honing and lapping, and polishing wafer of semiconductor or the like. It is not limited to cutting work of metals, glasses, plastics and the like, but includes rock drilling by shield tunneling method or the like.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A water-soluble cutting fluid of the present invention can be obtained by dissolving bromide ion, carbonic acid ion, and hydrogencarbonate ion in water such as demineralized water, distilled water, and the like, which has a melting point of about 0° C., a boiling point of about 100° C. and a density of about 1.00 g/cm
3
at the temperature of 4° C., and then being adjusted to pH 7.0 to pH 11.5.
A water-soluble cutting fluid of the present invention can be also obtained by dissolving bramide ion, carbonic acid ion, hydrogencarbonate ion, and fluoride ion in demineralized water, distilled water, which has a melting point of about 0° C., a boiling point of about 100° C. and a density of about 1.00 g/cm
3
at the temperature of 4° C., and then being adjusted to pH 7.0 to pH 11.5.
Alternatively, a water-soluble cutting fluid of the present invention can be obtained by dissolving bromide ion, carbonic acid ion, hydrogencarbonate ion, and, if necessary, fluoride ion in alkaline components of a tap water extracted by electrolyzing the tap water.
A method for dissolving bromide ion, carbonic acid ion, hydrogencarbonate ion, and, if necessary, fluoride ion in water is not particularly limited and any conventional method well-known by the persons skilled in the art can be used in the present invention. One of the direct and easy methods is the method for dissolving a suitable amount of compounds containing bromide, fluorine, hydrogencarbonate or carbonic acid in water. Such compound is not particularly limited. Any compound containing one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of bromide, fluorine, hydrogencarbonate and carbonic acid, which are known by the persons in the art, can be used. For example, potassium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide dehydrate, potassium hydrogen bromide, ammonium bromide, ammonium hydrogen bromide, sodium hydrogen bromide, potassium fluoride, potassium fluoride dihydrate, potassium hydrogen fluoride, ammonium fluoride, ammonium hydrogen fluoride, sodium fluoride, sodium hydrogen fluoride, sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium carbonate monohydrate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, ammonium hydrogencarbonate and the like can be used. The method for blowing gaseous carbon dioxide directly to water can be also used as one of the methods for dissolving hydrogencarbonate ion in water.
A water-soluble cutting fluid can be also obtained by preparing a solution containing a high concentration of bromide ion, hydrogencarbonate ion, carbonic ac
Fukutani Yasuo
Nakayama Eiichiro
Suzuki Shunji
Wada Yukio
McAvoy Ellen M.
Milde Hoffberg & Macklin, LLP
Yasio Fukutani
LandOfFree
Water-soluble cutting fluid does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Water-soluble cutting fluid, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Water-soluble cutting fluid will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2480824