Water soluble crosslinked copolymers, their preparation and thei

Details Water soluble crosslinked copolymers, their preparation and thei Water soluble crosslinked copolymers, their preparation and thei

1997-11-24

1999-10-05

Lipman, Bernard

Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser

Synthetic resins

Polymers from only ethylenic monomers or processes of...

5263071, C08F22606, C08F22054

Patent

active

059626135

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to water-soluble crosslinked copolymers, to a process for preparing the copolymers by free-radical polymerization of vinylimidazoles, N-vinylamides, N-vinyloxazolidone, N-vinyltriazole or mixtures of said monomers, with at least one monomer which acts as crosslinker and has at least 2 non-conjugated ethylenic double bonds in the presence of polymerization regulators, and the use of the copolymers as additive to detergents and cleaners.
2. Description of the Background
DE-A 32 09 224 discloses the preparation of insoluble polymers of low swellability from basic vinylheterocycles and their copolymers with up to 30% by weight of copolymerizable monomers and 0.1-10% by weight of crosslinkers in aqueous medium in the absence of initiators. As is evident from the comparative example in this publication, the polymerization of 100 parts by weight of N-vinylimidazole and 2 parts by weight of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide in aqueous solution using azoisobutyronitrile as polymerization initiator results in firm gels.
The copolymerization of vinylheterocycles with crosslinkers in aqueous solution in the presence of free-radical initiators always results in gel formation, see the comparative example in DE-A 40 00 978. As is also evident from this reference, polymerization of a vinylheterocycle with a crosslinker and with exclusion of oxygen and of polymerization initiators results in water-insoluble copolymers which can be used, for example, to remove heavy metal ions from wine.


SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide water-soluble polymers based on vinylheterocycles or vinylamides.
We have found that this object is achieved by water-soluble crosslinked copolymers which are obtainable by free-radical solution polymerization of ##STR3## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and are H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, monomers of the formula ##STR4## where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are identical or different and are H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or together form a ring of 3 to 5 methylene groups, N-vinyloxazolidone, N-vinyltriazole, 4-vinylpyridine N-oxide or mixtures of said monomers, monomers and has at least two non-conjugated ethylenic double bonds regulators, using from 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of polymerization regulator per 1 part by weight of crosslinker.
The invention also relates to a process for preparing the water-soluble copolymers, which comprises subjecting ##STR5## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and are H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, monomers of the formula ##STR6## where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are identical or different and are H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or together form a ring of 3 to 5 methylene groups, N-vinyloxazolidone, N-vinyltriazole, 4-vinylpyridine N-oxide or mixtures of said monomers, monomers and has at least two non-conjugated ethylenic double bonds presence of polymerization regulators, using from 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of polymerization regulator per 1 part by weight of crosslinker.
The water-soluble copolymers prepared in this way are used as additive to detergents and cleaners.


DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The copolymers according to the invention preferably contain as monomers of group (a) water-soluble heterocyclic monomers of the formula ##STR7## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and are H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl. The substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are preferably H, CH.sub.3 and C.sub.2 H.sub.5.
Examples of monomers of group (a) are 1-vinylimidazole, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, 2-ethyl-1-vinylimidazole, 2-propyl-1-vinylimidazole, 2-butyl-1-vinylimidazole, 2,4-dimethyl-1-vinylimidazole, 2,5-dimethyl-1-vinylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, 2,4,5-trimethyl-1-vinylimidazole, 4,5-diethyl-2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, 4-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, 5-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, 4-ethyl-1-vinylimidazole, 4,5-dimethyl-1-vinylimidazole or 2,4,5-triethyl-1-vinyl

REFERENCES:
patent: 5094867 (1992-03-01), Detering et al.
patent: 5308532 (1994-05-01), Adler et al.
patent: 5635169 (1997-06-01), Blankenburg et al.

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