Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Processes and products – Electrical
Reexamination Certificate
2001-02-20
2004-03-30
King, Roy (Department: 1742)
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Processes and products
Electrical
C204S225000, C204S228300, C204S228600, C204S554000, C204S571000, C204S660000, C204S661000, C204S668000, C205S742000, C205S743000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06712947
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a purifying apparatus for flowing water. In more detail, the invention relates to a purifying apparatus that operates by oxidation and decomposition of water pollution substances in a river, which is effective for use such as elimination of nitrogen and phosphorous which are substances that cause eutrophication of the flowing river water.
2. Description of the Related Art
Hitherto, in regard to a purification of the water pollution substances in the river, although a contact oxidation method by a biological membrane having a membrane in which microbes living in the river naturally grow has been developed and applied, this method is suitable mainly to purify carbon sources contained in waste water, but it is not suitable to eliminate nitrogen and phosphorous which are substances that cause eutrophication.
Therefore, in the prior art, in order to prevent the eutrophication it has been necessary to decompose and eliminate nitrogen and phosphorous other than the carbon sources, so that the biological membrane treatment method is not necessarily sufficient. Further, there have been studied countermeasures such as a nitrification/denitrification by a nutrient salt inclusive fixing method in which the biological membrane has been strengthened and about application of an ammonia phosphate crystallizing method using Mg salt, but they have such serious shortcomings that an elimination rate of nitrogen cannot exceed 60% in a case where the ammonia in the river is eliminated, that a sufficient elimination rate cannot be ensured depending on a C/N ratio, and that even if dissolved oxygen is sufficiently ensured in the river flow the nitrification does not proceed because a reaction velocity of nitrifying bacteria is low for the nitrification of ammonia for a nitrogen. Accordingly,means for increasing the elimination rate of nitrogen and phosphorous to 90% or higher has become necessary at any cost.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, an object of the invention is to provide a now purifying apparatus capable of effectively eliminating the water pollution substances such as nitrogen and phosphorous in the flowing water in the river and the like, thereby solving the problems mentioned above of the prior art.
As one means for achieving the above object the invention provides a purifying apparatus for flowing water in which a negative electrode plate is disposed on a flowing water bed and a positive electrode plate is disposed in an upper face opposite to the negative electrode plate, characterized in that the positive electrode plate is adapted so as to be dipped below a water surface of the flowing water with floats being disposed at least at the front/back (i.e. upstream/downstream ends) or left/right (i.e. opposing sides) of the positive electrode plate in a flowing direction of the flowing water, in the positive electrode plate there is arranged means for disposing it to an opposed upper face position with respect to the negative electrode plate, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are provided with an electric field generator so that water pollution substances contained in the flowing water are oxidized and decomposed by a generation of high electric field pulses.
The invention intends to solve the problems by means of generating O-radical (oxygen radical) and OH-radical (hydroxy radical), which are generated by the high electric field pulses and have a high oxidizing power, on a metal face for nanosecond to microsecond, oxidizing mainly a carbon source and a nitrogen source in a polluted water, which impinge against these radicals, and cohering phosphorous by a cohesive reaction of particles in accompaniment with an electrification of H
+
ions generated on this occasion to floating suspended substances so as to deposit as sediment and separate the phosphorous, thereby achieving by one pass operation an elimination of the pollution substances at 90-95% which could not be attained by the prior art.
And, in a concrete implementation mode, since a water level and a flow rate of the flowing water change together with a structure of the purifying apparatus, in order to cope with this, the fact is taken into consideration that it is necessary to automatically control a supplied watt-hour by the flow rate of the water and a concentration of SS such that it becomes a suitable optimum watt-hour to thereby maintain the elimination rate of the pollution substances constant. For example, since the flowing water in a river greatly changes depending on time during one day and a ratio between when the flow rate is minimum and when it is maximum reaches 1:10-20, it follows that a magnitude of the flow rate is proportional to a passing velocity, so that, in order to supply an electric power tracing the magnitude of the flow rate, it is necessary to adjunctively provide a control unit for adjusting the supplied watt-hour which is optimum and minimum with respect to the flow rate, the floating suspended substances and a water depth. Further, in an emergency time such as a flood, the present apparatus must be provided for being shunted so as not to become an obstacle in the flowing water.
Therefore, first, in a structure of the purifying apparatus of the invention, the following modes are taken into consideration as being suitable ones, although not limited to these.
<1> In the positive electrode plate, there is provided means for vertically moving it.
<2> Gas collecting means (for collecting a gas generated by oxidation and decomposition) is provided.
<3> The positive electrode plate has at least one positive electrode substance among metals (including alloys; hereafter, ditto) and metal oxides.
<4> The positive electrode plate is composed, for example, of a base plate which is metal, ceramics or resin or a composite body of more than two of the formers, and of the positive electrode substance.
<5> The positive electrode substance is at least one of, for example, titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, tin oxide and platinum.
<6> In a more concrete example, in the positive electrode plate, at least one of titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, tin oxide and platinum is integrated with a plate of porous titanium, porous ceramics or stainless.
<7> The positive electrode plate is adapted such that its dipped depth from a water surface is ⅕-{fraction (1/10)} of a water depth.
In the invention adapted such that the water pollution substances contained in the flowing water are oxidized and decomposed by the generation of high electric field pulses, how the positive electrode plate should be constituted is practically a very important point in order to make the generation of high electric field pulses and actions of the aforesaid radicals by the generation effective ones. More suitably, in the invention, as the positive electrode substance, the metal oxide or a noble metal is used. Such a metal oxide called titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide or tin oxide, or platinum as mentioned above is effective.
As to the positive electrode substance, in a case where it is the metal oxide, it maybe one formed by making its particles into a green compact and baking or sintering it, or one in which the substance or its particles is/are born on a suitable base plate. As the base plate for bearing on this occasion, it may be, for example, a plate of porous titanium, porous ceramics or stainless etc., which has a high corrosion resistance, and it is preferable that the positive electrode substance constitutes a positive electrode face portion in a membrane-like form. The base plate itself way be made conductive, or the positive electrode substance in the membrane-like form may be caused to have a conductive property.
The metal oxide may be integrated with the base plate by an adhesion-integration by deposition, distillation and the like, or means such as application of a gel solution.
In case of
Fujita Kazuo
Maekawa Takaaki
Japan Science and Technology Corporation
King Roy
Leader William T.
Wenderoth , Lind & Ponack, L.L.P.
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