Compositions – Water-softening or purifying or scale-inhibiting agents
Reexamination Certificate
1997-07-21
2001-07-03
Medley, Margaret (Department: 1714)
Compositions
Water-softening or purifying or scale-inhibiting agents
C252S180000, C252S181000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06254800
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a water purificant in the field of aquiculture, agriculture, horticulture, floriculture and waste-water treatment, which are effective as media to cells of microorganisms, fishes, plants and animals in water and soils. The water purificant for the uses of aquaculture, agriculture, horticulture, floriculture and waste-water treatment increase the diversity of microorganisms in water and soils and activate microorganisms, plants, animals, fishes.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The minimal media containing carbon sources, nitrogen sources and minerals (Na, K, Mg and Fe) were well known to grow microorganisms, fishes, plants and animals (References: David Freifelder (Translated by M. Kawakita), Introduction to molecular biology, 2p (1985), Tokyo Kagaku Dojin, Tokyo; Thomas D. Brock, Biology of microorganisms, (1970), Prentice-Hall, Inc., New Jersey).
But, every species of microorganisms, fishes, plants and animals prefer different optimum media, common minimal media can not exist for all species. For example, in the case of microorganisms, there are category of prototroph and auxotroph and their nutritional factors are different.
In the case of growing microorganisms, plants, animals and fishes in hydrosphere and pedosphere, the nutrition in media was consumed in accordance with the nutritional demands of species, and the residual factors in media were concentrated in the broth or soils. The concentrated residues in media produce replant failure or virus disease in plants and fishes. The concentrated residues in media produce replant failure or virus disease in plants and fishes. (Reference: I. Horiuchi, E. Idaka, S. Komura, Advanced biotechnical treatment of water in intensive prawn culture system, 19th Congress on Science and Technology of Thailand, 89p, (27-29, October, 1993, Dusit J. B. Hotel, Hat Yai, Songkhla)).
In the case of minerals, the elements of secondary nutrients (Ca, Mg, Si, S) and micronutrients (Mn, B, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cl) are so called essential minerals for plant growth (References: E. Epstein, Mineral nutrition of plants: Principles and perspectives, (1972), John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York; Ed. by F. E. Brear, Chemistry of the soil, (1969), Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York). But, so called minerals involved more than 100 kinds of elements and enormous chemical species in which involved stable, metastable, unstable isotopes and their cluster forms. So the true essential minerals can not be supplied by adding bittern from surface marine water.
In the results, the diversity of minerals in hydrosphere and pedosphere decreased, the replant failure by nematode and the annihilation of black tiger prawn (
Penaeus monodon
) occurred and resulting predominant species degradin healthy food chain occurred. The phenomena in accordance with the lack of mineral balance were as follows: 1. Zoogloea bulking in activated sludge treatment (Reference: R. Sudo, Biology of Wastewater Treatment, 311p, Sangyo Yosui Chosakai, Tokyo, Japan (1977); Ed. by Soc. Civil Engineering, Sanitary Engineering Commity, Research Methods for Environmental Sanitary Engineering, Gihodo Shuppan, Tokyo, Japan (1993)); 2. phytoplankton bloom in eutrophic lakes (Reference: Ed. by M. Watanabe, K. Harada, H. Fujiki, Water-bloom, Appearance and Toxicity, Tokyo University Shuppankai, Tokyo, Japan (1994)); 3. Red tide; 4. Cyst nematode in fields (Reference: T. Saegusa, Nematode, Nobunkyo, Tokyo, Japan (1993)); 5
. Bursaphelenchus lignicolus
in stems of Pinaceae; 6. Annihilation of prawn (C. J.Sindermann, D. V.Lightner ed., Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 17, Disease Diagnosis and control in North American Marine Aquaculture, Elsevier, Amsterdam, (1988)); 7. Tricoderms sp., Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. in culture of
Agaricus silvaticus
Schaeffer,
Agraricus fiardii
Pegler (
Agaricus blazei
Murrill) and
Cordyceps sinensis
(Berkley) Saccardo; 8. Growth of cancer, atopic dermatitis, pollinosis (Reference: Chi Changrok, Specific minerals for cancer, Gendai Shorin, Tokyo, Japan (1991)).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the above-described problems, the present inventor made exhaustive studies in order to dissolve the lack of minerals in hydrosphere and pedosphere. The present inventor achieved to this invention in which the inventor treated deep marine water over 200 m depth or from upwelling to collect bittern and after then it was concentrated and treated chemically.
Primeval sea water or soils should contain many kinds of minerals. However, sea water or soils now lack many kinds of minerals and now lack diversity with respect to existing chemical species. Replant failure occurs when large quantities of manure and pesticide have been introduced in sea water or soils. The water purificant of this invention supplies minerals as activated states to cells of microorganisms, fishes, animals and plants. By incorporating minerals in cells, growth and immunity of cells can be increased and then, yields of plants, fishes, microorganisms and hymenocarps must be increased.
An object of the invention is to provide a water purificant that is for use in aquiculture, agriculture, horticulture, floriculture and waste-water treatment and that comprises bittern.
In one embodiment, the purificant includes acids, salts or a combination of acids and salts. Unless otherwise indicated, the word “acids” is used herein and in the claims to mean acids that are either inorganic or organic and the word “salts” is used herein and in the claims to mean salts that are either inorganic or organic. The concentration of bittern is 1 ppm−100 weight %, based upon the total weight of the composition of the purificant, i.e. bittern must exist in the composition. A very important feature is that the bittern of the composition be made or concentrated from deep marine water such as exists 200 meters or more under sea level or bittern of the same character produced from upwells.
The water purificant of another preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises bittern and bases in which case, the bittern may form 1 ppm−100 weight% of the water purificant. Further, according to other preferred embodiments, the water purificant may contain a basic poly-saccharide such as chitin or chitosan, which may form 10-20000 ppm of the water purificant.
Further, according to the preferred embodiments, the bittern solution is made from deep marine water which exists at or more than 200 m below the sea level. In this case, the deep marine bittern solution may form 1 ppm−100 weight % of the water purificant.
The above and further objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will be more fully apparent from the following detailed description.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The first preferred embodiment of the water purificant for the uses of aquaculture, agriculture, horticulture, floriculture and waste-water treatment in this invention is obtainable by adding acids and/or salts in bittern concentrated from deep marine water which exists at or more than 200 m below the sea level, or from upwelling water (Reference: B. H. McConnaughey, Introduction to marine biology, 10, (1970), The C. V. Mosby Co., St Louis). For example, the specific gravity of the bittern solution is 1-1.4 g/cm3. In the case of adding these water purificant to hydrosphere or pedosphere under dilution, they activate and increase the diversity of microbiota, fauna and flora.
Also, an ion contained in the water purificant activates and dissolves oxygen.
Also, a mineral ion in the water purificant activates and dissolves oxygen to improve the quality of the water from an environmental standpoint.
The acids and/or salts of the present invention are inorganic acids and/or organic acids and/or inorganic salts and/or organic salts. They can use pure or mixed. The several examples of acids and salts of this invention are as follows: inorganic acids (phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid), inorganic sal
Lund Van Metre
Medley Margaret
Toomer Cephia D.
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