Ships – Hull or hull adjunct employing fluid dynamic forces to... – Stepped hull
Patent
1991-09-12
1992-08-25
Swinehart, Edwin L.
Ships
Hull or hull adjunct employing fluid dynamic forces to...
Stepped hull
114290, B63B 138
Patent
active
051409305
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a water craft.
There is disclosed in Australian Patent Specification No. 456,662 a water craft comprising a planing hull. The hull includes a rear pressure-retaining chamber or tunnel aft of a transverse step in the hull and extending to the transom. Air intakes in the forward part of the hull communicate with the chamber via air vents in the transverse step whereby the forward motion of the craft causes air to be charged via the vents into the chamber to form an air cushion which supports the hull in a planing mode. Hulls which utilize a supporting air cushion in this manner are generally known as "ground effect" machines.
Although this previously proposed hull has been found to work satisfactorily at high planing speeds by creating low flow resistance or drag, at low to medium speeds, for example up to 20-25 knots, the hull generates higher drag than in conventional planing hulls which do not utilise the air cushion or "ground effect" principal.
An object of the invention is to provide a planing hull of the ground effect type which has improved drag characteristics at low to medium speeds.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a planing hull for a water craft, comprising side and centre keels, the centre keel terminating rearwardly at a downwardly open chamber flanked at each side by the side keels, said chamber serving to confine a cushion of air which supports the hull in the planing mode, supply of air to the chamber being wholly via the underside of the hull by being channelled between the centre keel and the side keels.
Preferably, the upper wall of the chamber is plain and substantially parallel to the tips of the keels.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a planing hull in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the hull; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic transverse section of the hull.
The planing hull shown in the drawings is generally similar to that of Patent Specification 456,662 in that it comprises, at its underside, a chamber or tunnel to enclose a cushion of air which supports the hull in its planing mode.
As shown in the drawings, the planing hull in accordance with the preferred embodiment comprises two side keels (2), and a central keel (4) which starts forwardly of the side keels (2) and which terminates at a transverse step (6) in the midships section of the hull. Rearwardly of the step (6), the central part of the underside of the hull is substantially planar to define the top surface (8) of a chamber or tunnel (10) open at its underside and flanked by the side keels (2) and open at its rear end. As is clearly shown in FIG. 2, the planar top surface (8) of the tunnel (10) is substantially parallel to the bottom edges or tips (2a) of the side keels (2). Whereas in the hull of patent specification 456,662, there is an aft centre keel within the pressure-retaining chamber or tunnel (10), it has now been determined that this is unnecessary and in the present embodiment, no such aft centre keel is present in the tunnel; this reduces the wetted surface area and reduces drag.
In the present embodiment, the step (6) does not incorporate air vents connected via ducts to an air intake system. Instead, all of the air supplied to the tunnel (10) to form the supporting air cushion is fed via the two passages defined at the underside of the hull between each side keel (2) and the centre keel (4). It has been determined that the absence of air vents in the step (6) provides improved entrapment of air in the tunnel leading to an improved cushioning effect which results in reduced drag at low to medium speeds. In this regard, it is believed that the vents in the step of the previously proposed hull, did, under certain conditions, particularly at low to medium speeds, permit loss of air pressure from the cushion and we have determined that an adequate supply of air can be achieved without these ve
REFERENCES:
patent: 3469549 (1969-09-01), Roe
patent: 3625173 (1971-12-01), Mitton
patent: 3885514 (1975-05-01), Lavenborg
patent: 3902445 (1975-09-01), Stolk
Rhoda Stolk and Stolkraft Pty. Ltd.
Swinehart Edwin L.
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