Liquid heaters and vaporizers – Heat transmitter
Patent
1999-06-18
2000-08-22
Ferensic, Denise L.
Liquid heaters and vaporizers
Heat transmitter
122 7R, 122451R, F22B 2306, F22B 3710
Patent
active
061055387
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to boilers, in particular steam boilers, recovering thermal energy from the exhaust gases generated by a diesel engine or a similar engine, and to the regulation of the power of said boilers.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
A conventional exhaust gas boiler is made up of a steam/water cylinder and a convection part, most commonly water-pipe-structured, recovering thermal energy. The pipes may be smooth or ribbed, and they are usually horizontally or vertically disposed. The water/steam cylinder acts as the storage container for the liquid to be fed to the convection part and for the steam generated therein. In addition, the exhaust gas boiler comprises a frame, a heat-insulated housing, inlet and outlet openings for exhaust gas, the necessary valves, piping, possibly collector pipes, pumps, control devices, safety devices, and a control panel. Before being fed into the boiler the water is treated by using boiler-water treatment devices and chemicals.
Exhaust gas boilers have most commonly been used on ships and in diesel power stations, in which operational reliability is of a very high importance. Partly for this reason, the systems in use seem simple and outdated in their technology. Furthermore, especially for ships, classification institutions control closely the systems used, and extensive and thorough test runs are carried out on new constructions, even for reasons of maritime safety. In cumbersome, deficient and severe operating conditions, the simplest solutions with respect to both regulation and other functions have proved best in terms of operational reliability. In the exhaust gas boilers of steam-generating diesel engines or the like, power regulation has usually been implemented by causing a portion of the exhaust gases to bypass the boiler, so-called bypass regulation, or by condensing any excess steam with a cooling substance such as water, air or the like, so-called condensation regulation. On the basis of their operating mode, the boilers have convention ally been classified into free-circulation boilers, in which the circulation is effected by gravity and by temperature differences, and forced-circulation boilers, in which the circulation is effected by means of a pump or a corresponding device. In forced-circulation boilers, a throttle valve, most commonly situated on the pressure side of the pump, has been used for power regulation, so called throttle regulation.
For bypass regulation it has been necessary to construct for the exhaust gas boiler a bypass, which is difficult to implement as a construction and expensive, since the arrangement additionally requires a regulating damper by means of which the exhaust gas flows are directed into the exhaust gas boiler and to bypass it. In order for the regulation properties to be good, the regulating damper should be double-acting, i.e. it should regulate the flows both to the boiler and to the bypass The use of two separate dampers is an expensive option. In practice, the option of one regulating damper has often been settled for, at the expense of the regulating properties and flaw resistances. The regulating damper has to operate it hot and soiling conditions, and thus the operational reliability will suffer. If the bypass flow of the boiler is increased, the flow velocity of the exhaust gases in the convection part is reduced. From this there follows the adhering of exhaust-gas soot, oil and other solids to the surfaces of the convection part; this weakens heat exchange, and in the worst case causes a fire.
In the condensation regulation system there is no need for an exhaust gas bypass or a regulating damper. Instead, for dumping the excess steam coming from the exhaust gas boiler there is needed a condenser, water and steam pipes, pumps and/or blowers, control valves, and regulators. The condenser may be either water-cooled or air-cooled.
In addition to the costs of investment, in the condensation regulation system there are incurred operating costs from the use of the pumps and/or blowers, in addition
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patent: 5522348 (1996-06-01), Tanaka et al.
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Aalborg Industries A/S
Ferensic Denise L.
Lu Jiping
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