Gas and liquid contact apparatus – Contact devices – Rotating gases
Patent
1986-12-23
1989-05-16
Miles, Tim
Gas and liquid contact apparatus
Contact devices
Rotating gases
261DIG72, B01F 304
Patent
active
048307920
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a national phase application of PCT/DE86/00175 filed Apr. 25, 1986 and based, in turn, upon a German National application P35 15 300.8 filed Apr. 27, 1985 under the International Convention.
1. Field of the Invention
My present invention relates to a packing material for heat exchange and mass exchange columns.
2. Background of the Invention
Thermal mass exchange processes, such as absorption, distillation and extraction are generally carried out in installations with vertical columns.
In order to achieve the largest possible contact surfaces between the interacting phases, inserts are mounted in these columns to create a large exchange surface to ensure a high degree of uniformity of distribution of the fluid phases in each horizontal cross-section of the column, to provide a low flow resistance, and to reduce manufacturing and mounting costs.
In order to provide the contact surfaces for the phases in a mass-exchange apparatus, the inserts can be exchange bottoms mounted at distinct places, or so-called filler bodies or packings, which are supposed to pack the interior of the column uniformly.
According to their arrangement, these filler bodies can either be a randomly piled bulk material or a packing structured according to certain rules. A randomly piled bulk material can use Raschig rings, Pall rings, Bialecki rings and the like (see BILLET, R., Industrial Distillation, ISBN 3-527-25371-8, Page 95, Page 263; and BILLET, R., Energy Savings in Thermal Separation Processes, ISBN 3-7785-0912-8, Pages 61, 140 and 183).
In random-like bulk materials consisting of such filler bodies, it cannot be avoided that in the interior of the column and particularly at its border, there will be considerable maldistributions of the filler bodies whereby channels or rivulets are formed in the flowing phases. Considered over the cross section, the mass flow of the fluid phases are also distributed unevenly, and this is the reason for an impaired separation efficiency of the column.
Among the geometrically regular packings used in mass-exchange installations are packings marketed by the firms of MONTZ, SULZER and RASCHIG, and inserts known as grid packings or impulse packings, as well as expanded-metal packings, and structured packings made of the above-mentioned bulk-material elements (for instance, Bialecki rings) (see Industrial Distribution, op. cit. and Energy Savings . . . , op. cit., Pages 62, 145 to 153, 183, 247, 350 to 353).
Geometrically regular packing assemblies can also have the disadvantage of channel formation as in randomly piled bulk material. The separation efficiency can be impaired particularly in the cases of mass-exchange between a gas (steam) and a liquid and even a slight irregularity in the liquid delivery at the top end of the column cannot be corrected in the further flow of the liquid, since a cross-mixing between the down-flowing liquid streamlets does not occur.
This problem becomes more acute in the case of relatively small liquid streams, such as are common in vacuum rectifications or in absorption processes. Under such circumstances, vertical packings with axially parallel alignment are particularly susceptible of impaired mass-exchange processes. In Industrial Distillation, op. cit., Page 171 and in Energy Savings . . . , op. cit, Page 147, there are illustrations of an expanded-metal packings and in the latter reference, Page 183, there are illustrations of impulse packings and a Bialecki packings which have an axially parallel flow with the disadvantage of limited cross-mixing. It is known that these packings have a low separation efficiency.
Other packings try to avoid this disadvantage by forming flow channels which are inclined with respect to the vertical axis of the column, such as is the case, for instance, in the SULZER- and MONTZ-packings, (see the illustration 4.34, Page 145 bottom, illustration 4.39, Page 150 and illustration 4.40, Page 151 of Energy Savings . . . , op. cit.).
The grid packing (Energy Savings . . . ,
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Dubno Herbert
Lianides Ronald
Miles Tim
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