Virtual retinal display with expanded exit pupil

Computer graphics processing and selective visual display system – Image superposition by optical means – Operator body-mounted heads-up display

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345 7, 359 13, 359630, 359631, G09G 500

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057011320

ABSTRACT:
A display device is achieved using a simplified optical system which generates an expanded exit pupil without compromising magnification or resolution. Modulated light from a source is converged toward a focal point by an optics subsystem. A scanning subsystem deflects the converging light, and thus the focal point, along a raster pattern to define a curved intermediate image plane. An exit pupil expanding apparatus defines a curved surface which coincides with the curved image plane. Impinging light rays at a given instant in time span a given incidence angle. Exiting light rays span a larger angle. As a result, the exiting light spans a larger surface area of an ensuing eyepiece. In turn an expanded exit pupil occurs beyond the eyepiece. Embodiments of the expanding apparatus include a curved diffractive optical element, fiber optic face plate, lens array and diffuser. The diffractive optical element generates multiple exit pupils, while the other embodiments generate enlarged exit pupils.

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Tidwell et al., "The Virtual Retinal Display--A Retinal Scanning Imaging System," Virtual Reality World '95; Feb. 1995.

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