Vibrational methods of deaggregation of electrically conductive

Details Vibrational methods of deaggregation of electrically conductive Vibrational methods of deaggregation of electrically conductive

1998-10-02

2000-08-08

Kopec, Mark

Compositions

Electrically conductive or emissive compositions

210748, H01B 112

Patent

active

060997567

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The teaching of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/043,622, filed on Jul. 27, 1998 entitled, "OXIDATIVE/REDUCTIVE METHODS OF DEAGGREGATION OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS AND PRECURSORS THEREOF AND METHODS OF FABRICATING ARTICLES THEREWITH" to M. Angelopoulos et al. is incorporated herein by reference.
The teaching of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/043,630, filed on Jul. 17, 1996 entitled, "CONTROL OF POLYMERIZATION KINETICS AND RATE OF POLYMER PRECIPITATION AS A MEANS OF CONTROLLING THE AGGREGATION AND MORPHOLOGY IN CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS AND PRECURSORS THREOF" to M. Angelopoulos et al. is incorporated herein by reference.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to vibrational methods of fabricating electrically conducting polymers and precursors thereof in which the polymer chains are deaggregated. Such deaggregated conducting polymers and precursors thereof exhibit better processability and higher electrical conductivity than do the corresponding aggregated polymers.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Electrically conductive organic polymers have been of scientific and technological interest since the late 1970's. These relatively new materials exhibit the electronic and magnetic properties characteristic of metals while retaining the physical and mechanical properties associated with conventional organic polymers. Herein we describe electrically conducting polymers, for example polyparaphenylene vinylenes, polyparaphenylenes, polyanilines, polythiophenes, polyazines, polyfuranes, polypyrroles, polyselenophenes, poly-p-phenylene sulfides, polythianapthenes, polyacetylenes formed from soluble precursors, combinations thereof and blends thereof with other polymers and copolymers of the monomers thereof.
These polymers are conjugated systems which are made electrically conducting by doping. The non-doped or non-conducting form of the polymer is referred to herein as the precursor to the electrically conducting polymer. The doped or conducting form of the polymer is referred to herein as the conducting polymer.
Conducting polymers have potential for a large number of applications in such areas as electrostatic charge/discharge (ESC/ESD) protection, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, resists, electroplating, corrosion protection of metals and ultimately metal replacements, i.e. wiring, plastic microcircuits, conducting pastes for various interconnection technologies (solder alternative) etc.. Many of the above applications especially those requiring high current capacity have not yet been realized because the conductivity of the processable conducting polymers is not yet adequate for such applications. In order for these materials to be used in place of metals in more applications, it is desirable to increase the conductivity of these materials. In addition, the processability of these polymers also requires improvement. Although some of these polymers are soluble, the solubility is generally limited and the solutions tend to be not stable over time.
The polyaniline class of conducting polymers has been shown to be one of the most promising and most suited conducting polymers for a broad range of commercial applications. The polymer has excellent environmental stability and offers a simple, one-step synthesis. However, the conductivity of the material in its most general form (unsubstituted polyaniline doped with hydrochloric acid) is generally on the low end of the metallic regime most typically, on the order of 1 to 10 S/cm (A. G. Macdiarmid and A. J. Epstein, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 88, 317, 1989). In addition, the processability of this class of polymers require improvement. Although polyaniline is a soluble polymer, it has been noted that the solutions tend to be unstable with time. (E. J. OH et al, Synth. Met. 55-57, 977 (1993). Solutions of for example the polyaniline in the non-doped form tend to gel upon standing. Solutions greater than 5% solids concentration tend to gel within hours limiting the applicability of the polymer. It is des

REFERENCES:
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I. Kminek et al. "Ultrasonic Disintegration of Polyacetylene to Colloid Solutions, " Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun.,vol. 5, No. 8, pp. 423-426, 1984.
A. Benahcene et al., "Effects of Ultrasonically Induced Cavitation on Electrochemical Processes, Cell Geometry and Frequency Effects, " New J. Chem., vol. 19, No.8-9, pp. 989-995, 1995.

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