Liquid heaters and vaporizers – Industrial – Waste heat
Patent
1984-02-17
1985-04-30
Yuen, Henry C.
Liquid heaters and vaporizers
Industrial
Waste heat
48 77, 55222, 122 6A, 122235A, F22D 100, C10J 348
Patent
active
045136947
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a vertical radiation tank, more particularly for gaining heat from process gases of ash-forming, carbon containing fuels, comprising a vessel provided inside its jacket with diaphragm pipe walls traversed by a coolant and bounding a flow space to be traversed by process gases having on the top side a central inlet for the process gas on the lower side an inverting space for inverging the direction of flow of the process gas and adjacent thereto an outlet for the cooled process gas, said inverting space being bounded by a water space for capturing ash particles locally separated. Such a vertical radiation tank is known and is intended for gaining process heat produced in gasification of ash-forming carbon-containing fuels.
The production of steam with the aid of heat produced in a process is usually difficult, particularly when fluid ash particles are carried along in high concentrations in the gaseous phase as is characteristic of gasification methods carried out under pressure, for example, the gasification of coal or ash-containing crude oil.
The gas is cooled in the radiation tank to a level at which the ash swept along is solidified. At the inversion of the direction the gas stream is largely separated in a water vessel arranged below in the radiation tank. The heat transfer mainly takes place by radiation. Since the temperature of the heat-exchanging surface is chosen to be sufficiently low adhesion of fluid ash particles to this surface does not occur so that, when the heat-exchanging surface is cleaned a sufficient number of times, for example, with the aid of soot blowers, soiling of this surface need not occur.
In the known vertical radiation tank for cooling the gas containing fluid ash particles the heat-exchanging surface is provided on the inner surface of the pressure vessel in which the heat exchange is performed. This has the disadvantage that relatively little heat-exchanging surface per unit of volume of the heat-exchanger can be provided.
There is furthermore known a vertical radiation tank in which a plurality of concentric, cylindrical heat-exchanging surfaces are used. The disadvantage thereof is that at the inversion of the gas stream from one cylindrical surface to the other cylindrical surface the gas often has such a high temperature that the ash has not yet solidified so that slagging of the heat-exchanging surface is possible at the place of inversion. In the known vertical radiation tanks for heat exchange distribution casings are used as distribution points for the coolant introduced on the underside into the heat-exchanger. This construction has the disadvantage that slag depositions may occur thereon, which are of an aggressive nature and possibly limit the lifetime of the distribution casings. The distribution casings are generally made from thick-walled material. An additional disadvantage is the occurrence of thermo-shock at the subjacent distribution casings due to water splashing from the water bath to said material. A further disadvantage is the need for arranging coolant supply pipes in the lower part of the radiation tank. For structural reasons it may be necessary to pass these supply pipes through the water bath below in the radiation tank, which is less desirable with a view to corrosion. A further disadvantage is that at the place of the separation between the downward gas stream and the gas stream rising from below a heat-exchanging surface is provided which can be less effectively cooled by current techniques because the connecting strips between the pipes forming the separation partition are necessarily either so large that they attain a high temperature or of such a configuration that ash accumulations of aggressive nature can readily occur. This may adversely affect the lifetime of said surface.
The invention has for its object to mitigate the aforesaid disadvantages. For this purpose the diaphragm pipe walls comprise a cylindrical first diaphragm pipe wall concentric with the jacket of the vessel and extending over the length of the
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