Automatic temperature and humidity regulation – Thermostatic – Expanding solid
Patent
1988-09-02
1990-02-27
Tapolcai, William E.
Automatic temperature and humidity regulation
Thermostatic
Expanding solid
98 4203, 340628, F24F 704
Patent
active
049038940
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention concerns a procedure for control of displacement air flow ventilation. The invention also concerns a ventilation control apparatus.
Ventilation control procedures, and apparatus, of the art have heretofore been based, as regards air distribution in the room space, mostly on application of the mixing principle. In recent times the displacement principle has been increasingly adopted; this is a method on the control of which entirely novel requirements are imposed.
In displacement ventilation, two zones are established in the room: a pure, and cooler, zone in the lower part of the room, and an impure, and warmer, zone in the upper part of the room. The impurity content in the upper part of the room may then be even more than twenty times the impurity content in the lower part of the room. It is therefore important to make sure that the impure zone in the upper part of the room does not extend into the staying zone and, above all, that it does not enter the breathing zone.
It has been highly prominent drawback from the viewpoint of operation of any displacement ventilation installation that one has endeavoured to determine the requisite air flow by theoretical calculation and by directing the ventilation similarly as mixing ventilation is directed, which has resulted in poor accuracy as regards the air flows and in difficulties of steering. According to the invention, an entirely new ventilation control procedure and apparatus design have now been created wherein use is made of the feature, typical of displacement ventilation, that there occurs an impurity boundary layer or a sharp impurity gradient.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
As taught by the invention, in the procedure the presence of said boundary layer is indicated in the room space.
When the impure air boundary layer moves past a given room or hall level plane, measuring instruments react on the event and control the ventilation in the room, in a pre-programmed manner.
When for instance smoke accumulates in a room space or hall space, the height of the respective boundary layer and/or the impurity content differentials in the room and/or the impurity concentrations at various levels in the room are indicated, and the ventilation is accordingly controlled.
It is possible, instead of direct measurement of impurity concentration, to measure the impurity concentration indirectly by measuring the humidity of the room air, in which case the measurement is otherwise performed in fully equivalent manner as the direct measurement of impurity concentration.
The procedure of the invention is in its main parts characterized in that the impurity and/or humidity concentration of the air containing impurities which accumulates in the part of the room or hall space above the staying zone and/or their changes and/or their differences are observed and the ventilation of the room or hall space is accordingly controlled. The part above is understood to means that part of the room space which does not belong to the staying zone proper.
The ventilation control means of the invention is in its main parts characterized in that it comprises transmitter means which has been disposed to send out a measuring signal into the room space, said measuring signal being arranged to travel in the air in the room space and part of the measuring signal being arranged to be absorbed by the impurities in the air in the room space, the ventilation of the room space being controlled on the basis of the amount of impurities, in desired manner.
Indication of the impurity concentration is most advantageously accomplished by using for instance an infrared signal. Said indication may also take place by other means, for instance using light-optical observation, or using an ultrasonic signal. As taught by the invention, in the hall space are installed means for indicating the boundary layer, advantageously a measuring transmitter and a corresponding receiver. As taught by the invention, the measuring signal may be sent across the hall space, and advan
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patent: 3926101 (1975-12-01), Moss
patent: 4075616 (1978-02-01), Rait
patent: 4488049 (1984-12-01), Marsocci
patent: 4765231 (1988-08-01), Aniello
Backo Ventillation, Catalog 87, "Utrustning for Luftbehandlung".
Aalto Erkki
Niemela Mertsi
Pellinen Teuvo
Halton Oy
Tapolcai William E.
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