Surgery – Means for introducing or removing material from body for... – Material introduced into and removed from body through...
Patent
1999-03-05
2000-09-05
Yasko, John D.
Surgery
Means for introducing or removing material from body for...
Material introduced into and removed from body through...
264272, 264500, 264523, A61M 100
Patent
active
061135682
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present application relates to a intravenous catheter for coaxial bloodflow, especially for use in stem cell aferesis from peripheral blood. The catheter according to the present invention is particularly suitable for aferesis with a view to extracting white blood cells and will be described below with reference to this technology, but the catheter may also be used in the continuous withdrawal from and return to the body of blood which is treated with a view to isolating, for example, blood platelets or various types of white blood cells.
The invention also relates to the use of a split needle for the insertion of this intravenous catheter into a vein.
Stem cells are immature cells which under given circumstances can be stimulated to divide and differentiate to a plurality of more mature cells with very different functions.
Within the context of the invention the term "stem cells" is used to denote cells which are the basis of the cellular elements of blood. These stem cells give rise to red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets and are crucial to the continued and continuous production thereof.
Without stem cells, the levels of white blood cells would drop continuously and unhindered to a dangerously low level, thereby exposing the individual to life-threatening infections that would eventually result in death.
In the same way red cells would gradually die, resulting in death due to lack of oxygen in the tissues.
The level of platelets would also fall and potentially fatal bleeding would ensue.
Cancer can affect cells in the blood, both the stem cells and the later developed, more mature cells. By killing off the blood forming cells with either cytostatics or radiation, and subsequently introducing new stem cells, the patient may be completely cured and health restored to normal. These new stem cells may be taken from another human being (allogenous transplantation) or extracted from the patient (and purified of cancerous cells) prior to the cell destruction procedure. After this procedure the cells are reintroduced (autologous transplantation).
Today there is an increasing demand for stem cells as the above-mentioned stem cell based modes of therapy are developed. Stem cells can be taken from a donor or a patient in two ways.
The first method is based on the stem cells being taken from the bone marrow. Bone marrow harvesting requires general anaesthesia and often produces nausea and local pain in the area of incision through the bone after the procedure. This method also calls for more personnel and material resources. The stem cells harvested will also take longer to establish a thriving, functional bone marrow than stem cells collected from peripheral blood. Risks of infections and other complications are ever-present.
All these drawbacks have resulted in an extensive use of a second method, namely harvesting stem cells from peripheral blood, and on the basis thereof stem cell aferesis has been developed.
Some of the stem cells in the bone marrow percolate into the bloodstream, and normally only a tiny fraction of the white blood cells in the circulating blood are stem cells. In the bone marrow 0.01 to 0.05% of the cells are stem cells and this percentage is even smaller in the peripheral blood.
However, this amount can be increased considerably if the stem cells are mobilised into the bloodstream with different kinds of drugs or factors. This forms the basis for harvesting stem cells from peripheral blood by processing blood taken from a superficial vein immediately below the skin (as opposed to a "central" large vessel deep inside the body and/or close to the heart).
This technology is called Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Aferesis", PBSC aferesis.
In principle, there are two techniques in current use: machine in a sterile system and processed, a comparatively small amount containing stem cells being held back before the main bulk of the blood is returned to the donor or patient through the same needle. The same procedure is then repeated until a sufficient number of stem cells has been harves
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patent: 4096860 (1978-06-01), McLaughlin
patent: 4666426 (1987-05-01), Aigner
patent: 5480380 (1996-01-01), Martin
Deborah J. Brouwer; Cannulation Camp: Basic Needle Cannulation Training for Dialysis Staff; Dialysis & Transplantation; vol. 24, No. 11, Nov. 1995; pp. 606-612.
Medinnova SF
Yasko John D.
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