Fluid sprinkling – spraying – and diffusing – Terminal outlet formed between parts mounted for relative... – Spray fluid pressure responsive discharge modifier
Patent
1994-07-19
1996-09-03
Kashnikow, Andres
Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
Terminal outlet formed between parts mounted for relative...
Spray fluid pressure responsive discharge modifier
2395339, 23953312, B05B 132
Patent
active
055516386
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to a valve controlled nozzle for the injection of fluid and more particularly, to a valve controlled nozzle for the injection of fuel in an internal combustion engine. In this specification the term "internal combustion engine" is to be understood to be limited to engines having an intermittent combustion cycle, such as reciprocating or rotary engines, and does not include continuous combustion engines such as turbines.
The characteristics of the fuel spray delivered from an injector nozzle to an internal combustion engine, such as directly into the combustion chamber, have a major affect on the control of the combustion process of the fuel, which in turn affects the stability of the operation of the engine, the engine fuel efficiency and the composition of the engine exhaust gases. To optimize these effects, particularly in a spark ignited engine, the desirable characteristics of the fuel spray issuing from the injector nozzle include small fuel droplet size (liquid fuels), controlled spray geometry and controlled penetration of the fuel. Further, at least at low fuelling rates, a relatively contained and evenly distributed ignitable cloud of fuel vapor in the vicinity of the engine spark plug is desirable.
Some known injector nozzles, used for the delivery of fuel directly into the combustion chamber of an engine, are of the outwardly opening poppet valve type, which deliver the fuel in the form of a cylindrical or divergent conical spray. The nature of the shape of the fuel spray is dependent on a number of factors including the geometry of the port and valve constituting the nozzle, especially the surfaces of the port and valve immediately adjacent the seat, where the port and valve engage to seal when the nozzle is closed. Once a nozzle geometry has been selected to give the required performance of the injector nozzle and the combustion process, relatively minor departures from that geometry can significantly impair that performance particularly at low fuelling rates.
The attachment or build-up of solid combustion products or other deposits on the nozzle surfaces over which the fuel flows can be detrimental to the creation of the correct fuel distribution and hence the combustion process of the engine. The principal cause of build up on these surfaces is the adhesion thereto of carbon related or other particles that are produced by the combustion of the fuel, including incomplete combustion of residual fuel left on these surfaces between injection cycles.
It is known that a hollow fuel plume issuing from a nozzle initially follows a path principally determined by the exit direction and exit velocity of the fuel. It is also known that as the fuel plume advances beyond the delivery end of the injector nozzle, the reduction in the velocity of the fuel plume and the low pressure existing within the area bound by the plume immediately downstream of the nozzle, promotes an inward contraction of the plume, referred to as necking.
It has been found that disturbances to the fuel flow from the nozzle can significantly influence the shape of the fuel plume, particularly during and subsequent to the necking thereof. Such influences can promote unpredictable deflection and/or dispersion of the fuel, which in turn can adversely affect the combustion process and thus give rise to an increase in fuel consumption, and undesirable levels of exhaust emissions, and also instability in engine operation particularly at low load operation. Disturbances that can give rise to such undesirable influences include the presence of irregular deposits on the surfaces defining the injector nozzle exit, such as carbon and other combustion related deposits, eccentricity of the valve and seat components of the nozzle, and or excessive clearance between the stem of the valve and the bore in which it axially moves as it opens and closes. Lateral movement or eccentricity of the valve and deposits on the valve or seat can each result in changes in the relative rate of flow over different sections of the periphery of
REFERENCES:
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patent: 3069099 (1962-12-01), Graham
patent: 4270257 (1981-06-01), Kimata et al.
patent: 4394970 (1983-07-01), Hofmann et al.
patent: 4408722 (1983-10-01), Frelund
patent: 4497443 (1985-02-01), Sauer
patent: 4932591 (1990-06-01), Cruz
Kashnikow Andres
Morris Lesley D.
Orbital Engine Company (Australia) Pty. Limited
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