Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Antigen – epitope – or other immunospecific immunoeffector – Recombinant virus encoding one or more heterologous proteins...
Patent
1995-01-09
1997-10-07
Mosher, Mary E.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Antigen, epitope, or other immunospecific immunoeffector
Recombinant virus encoding one or more heterologous proteins...
4242291, 4352351, 4353201, 935 65, A61K 39245, A61K 39295, C12N 701
Patent
active
056745001
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to conditional lethal mutants of pseudorabies virus (PRV), also called Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV). PRV is a highly neurotropic herpesvirus that causes Aujeszky's disease in domestic and wild animals (for reviews see Mettenleiter, Comp. Immun. Microbiol. Herpesvirus Diseases of Cattle, Horses and Pigs, Kluwer, Boston, 230-325 are relatively resistant against PRV and therefore are considered the natural host of the virus. The natural portal of entry is the nasopharyngeal region. The virus is able to replicate in cells of the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa, and after infection of peripheral nerves it is transported to the central nervous system where it causes severe encephalitis which is often fatal in young pigs. Older pigs usually survive the infection, but may develop fever and pneumonia. Infection of sensory ganglia generally results in the establishment of latency.
Vaccination against Aujeszky's disease is carried out to limit the economic damage caused by mortality and growth retardation in infected animals. For this purpose, vaccines based on attenuated live virus and on inactivated virus are available. Attenuated live virus vaccines are generally preferred, since they are more easily produced and therefore less expensive than inactivated vaccines. Moreover, attenuated virus can be administered intranasally which provides better protection than parenteral vaccination with either attenuated live virus or inactivated virus.
Early vaccines based upon attenuated live virus strains obtained after serial passage in call culture possessed several disadvantages. Such vaccines were not homogenous and viral variants of unknown virulence and immunogenicity were included in the mixtures. Moreover, such vaccines suffered from a risk of reverting to virulence. More recently, the increased knowledge, at molecular level, of the structure and replication of viruses, and the availability of sophisticated molecular biological techniques, have enabled scientists to design attenuated vaccines rather than to rely upon chance. Vital genetics and DNA sequence analysis enable the identification of the regions in the viral genome where alterations can contribute to the attenuation of viral pathogenicity. Recombinant DNA technology allows such regions to be altered or deleted, leading to the production of an attenuated virus with defined and stable alterations. This approach was first applied successfully by Kit and coworkers (Am. J. of the thymidine-kinase (TK) gene of PRV resulted in a greatly reduced virulence for pigs (EP-A-141.458). In addition to the lesion in the TK gene, deletions have been introduced in glycoprotein genes such as gI, WO-A-9102795) leading to a further reduction in the virulence of the virus and to the ability to serologically distinguish vaccinated animals from
A new approach to vaccine development is the expression of genes of foreign pathogens using live attenuated viral vaccine strains as carrier (viral vaccine vectors). Expression of antigens by a live vector virus mimics expression after natural infection and may stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses. Vaccine vectors may be used for immunization against diseases for which no adequate vaccines are currently available, or which cannot be safely or easily produced.
The development of vaccine vectors has focused mainly on vaccinia virus extensively for the eradication of smallpox in man and has been shown to be highly effective and relatively safe. The broad host range and the capacity to accomodate large amounts of foreign DNA has made vaccinia the virus of choice to be tested as vaccine vector (Hruby, Clin. Microbiol. raccoonpox virus, avipox viruses, capripox virus and suipox virus are being developed as vaccine vectors (Tayor et al., Vaccine 6, 504-508
Other viruses which can be used as vaccine vectors include adenoviruses in combination with the capacity to accomodate large amounts or foreign DNA makes these viruses attractive candidates for the development of vaccine vectors. The
REFERENCES:
patent: 4999296 (1991-03-01), Kit et al.
patent: 5352575 (1994-10-01), Petrovskis et al.
N. de Wind et al., Journal of Virology, 64:10:4691-4696, Oct. 1990.
I. Rauh et al., Journal of Virology, 65:10:5348-5356, Oct. 1991.
B.Peeters et al., Journal of Virology, 66:2:894-905, Feb. 1992.
C.C. Marchioli et al., Journal of Virology, 61:12:3977-3982, Dec. 1987.
D.C. Johnson et al., Journal of Virology, 62:12:4605-4612, Dec. 1988.
S. Heffner et al., Journal of Virology, 67:3:1529-1537, Mar. 1993.
H. Ishii et al., J. Gen. Virol., 69:1411-1414 (1988).
M.D. McFarland et al., Can J Vet Res, 51:3:340-344, 1987.
P. Vannier, DVM, Am J Vet Res, 46:7:1498-1502, Jul. 1985.
W.L. Mengeling et al., Am J Vet Res, 53:11:2164-2173, Nov. 1992.
C. Marcholi et al., Am. J. Vet Res, 49:6:860-864, Jun. 1988.
J.T. van Oirschot et al., Agriculture, Seminar, pp. 281-290, Belgium, Dec. 1984.
A.O. Fuller et al., Journal of Virology, 63:8:3435-3442, Aug. 1989.
U.A. Gompels et al., Journal of Virology, 63:11:4744-4755, Nov. 1989.
C.C. Marcholi et al., Am J Vet Res, 48:11:1577-1583, Nov. 1987.
T.C. Mettenleiter et al., Journal of General Virology, 75:1723-1733, 1994.
T.C. Mettenleiter et al., Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis, 14:2:151-16, 1991.
T. Kimman et al., "Contribution of single genes within the unique short region of Aujesky's disease virus (suid herpesvirus type 1) to virulence pathogensis and immunogenicity," Journal of General Virology 73:PT2:243-251, Feb. 1992, UK.
B. Peeters et al., "Envelope glycoprotein gp50 of pseudorabies virus is essential for virus entry but is not required for viral spread in mice," Journal of Virology, 67:1:170-177, Jan. 1993, USA.
Gielkens Arnold Leonard Josef
Moormann Robertus Jacobus Maria
Peeters Bernardus Petrus Hubertus
Pol Jan Marie Antonius
Akzo Nobel N.V.
Gormley Mary E.
Mosher Mary E.
LandOfFree
Vaccines against Aujeszky's disease and other animal diseases co does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Vaccines against Aujeszky's disease and other animal diseases co, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Vaccines against Aujeszky's disease and other animal diseases co will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2354542