Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Whole live micro-organism – cell – or virus containing – Genetically modified micro-organism – cell – or virus
Patent
1985-10-09
1988-05-31
Schain, Howard E.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing
Genetically modified micro-organism, cell, or virus
424 88, A61K 3902, C12N 120
Patent
active
047480190
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a vaccine for swine dysentery.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is recognised that pigs which have recovered from swine dysentery (SD) eventually become immune to subsequent challenge. However, to be solidly resistant they must have recovered without the aid of antibiotic treatment. This implies that prolonged and intensive antigenic stimulation at the surface of the large intestine is necessary to produce immunity. The poor degree of protection afforded by current vaccines suggests that such stimulation is difficult to mimic artificially.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,100,272 (R. D. Glock et al.) describes a swine dysentery vaccine of killed cells of a virulent (pathogenic) isolate of Treponema hyodysenteriae, for parenteral administration. The isolate must be virulent: attenuated or nonvirulent isolates are said not to be desirable. Two isolates are disclosed by deposition in the ATCC under Nos. 31212 and 31287.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,413 (R. A. Goodnow) describes a swine dysentery vaccine of killed cells of a virulent isolate of Treponema hyodysenteriae, for oral administration. The isolates must be virulent: attenuated or non-virulent isolates are said not to be desirable. The same two isolates as above are disclosed for the oral vaccine. The specification recommends dosing the pigs with the oral vaccine every day for 5 days, or a "combination procedure" believed to enhance the effectiveness of the oral administration. The procedure involves a previous administration of the same vaccine parenterally, e.g. subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. Such a procedure is described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,415 (D. L. Harris et al.).
All the above U.S. Patents relate exclusively to killed vaccines and emphasise the requirement that the strain be virulent. Other virulent (pathogenic) strains have been used experimentally in killed vaccines.
An avirulent variant of Treponema hyodysenteriae has been isolated from herds with no history of SD. This isolate administered orally to susceptible pigs did not produce clinical symptoms of disease or afford protection against subsequent challenge with a virulent (pathogenic) strain (P18A) of T. hyodysenteriae. See R. J. Lysons (the present inventor) et al., Proceedings of the International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, 1982, page 40. None of these isolates was made publicly available.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has now been found that when oral administration of an avirulent (non-pathogenic) variant strain is caused to be preceded physiologically by parenteral administration of a killed vaccine, pigs can be successfully immunised against SD.
The basis of the present invention is that parenteral administration of the killed vaccine in some way serves to "prime" the animal to recognise the live antigenic avirulent strain administered orally. Accordingly, where relevant national patent law allows, the invention provides a method of treatment of swine dysentery in pigs which comprises administering parenterally to pigs at least one priming dose of killed virulent (pathogenic) T. hyodysenteriae effective to stimulate the immune response of the pig to a subsequent dose of a live avirulent (non-pathogenic) strain of T. hyodysenteriae and at about the same time or thereafter administering orally to the pigs at least one said dose of the live strain effective to immunise the pigs against swine dysentery. The live avirulent strain is preferably the VS1 strain described above.
The preferred avirulent strain is designated herein "VS1" and has been deposited on Feb. 8, 1984 for patent purposes in a culture collection under the regulations of the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure, as NCTC 11628. References herein to "VS1" are to be construed as references to the strain of Treponema hyodysenteriae so deposited.
The invention provides the VS1 strain per se, as well as avirulent (non-pathogenic) mutants and variants thereof.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4100272 (1978-07-01), Glock et al.
patent: 4152413 (1979-05-01), Goodnow
patent: 4152414 (1979-05-01), Harris et al.
patent: 4152415 (1979-05-01), Harris et al.
patent: 4469672 (1984-09-01), Harris
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R. J. Lysons et al., Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Lucerne, 1980, pp. 118-120.
R. J. Lysons et al., Proceedings of the International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Mexico City 1982, p. 40.
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L. A. Joens, U. S. Livestock Conservation Institute, Proceedings, 1986, pp. 161-169.
National Research Development Corporation
Schain Howard E.
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