Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Antigen – epitope – or other immunospecific immunoeffector – Virus or component thereof
Patent
1997-04-02
2000-04-11
Caputa, Anthony C.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Antigen, epitope, or other immunospecific immunoeffector
Virus or component thereof
4241931, 4241991, 42419611, 4242041, 4242101, 4242781, 4242791, 4352061, 514 55, A61K 39145, A61K 3912, A61K 4500, A01N 4304
Patent
active
060485361
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a vaccine composition for intranasal administration comprising influenza virus antigens and a mucosal adjuvant. The invention also relates to a method of immunising a patient against influenza by administering the said composition to the patient, and a method of enhancing the immunogenicity of an influenza viral antigen when administered intranasally, by co-administering therewith the said adjuvant. In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of an influenza viral antigen in combination with a chitosan for the manufacture of a vaccine composition for intranasal administration to immunise a patient against influenza.
Current influenza vaccines consist of either inactivated whole virus, disrupted virus (split vaccines) or purified preparations of the membrane glycoproteins haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) sub-unit vaccines. Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase are the antigens to which protective antibody responses are directed, haemagglutinin being the major protective antigen. Estimates of the efficacy of these parenterally administered vaccines vary greatly. Such vaccines are believed to act primarily by eliciting circulating anti-haemagglutinin IgG antibodies that transudate into the lower respiratory tract.
M. L. Clements et al, J. Clinical Microbiology 24, 157-160, 1986, have previously reported that both secretory IgA and serum IgG participate in immunity to influenza virus. Moreover, in mice, a number of published studies have demonstrated the importance of respiratory IgA to protection against influenza infection. It has also been found that an advantage of stimulating a local IgA response to influenza is that it is often of a broader specificity than the serum response and thus can provide cross-protection against viruses possessing haemagglutinin molecules different from those present in the vaccine. Accordingly, influenza vaccines that elicit both local secretory and serum anti-haemagglutinin responses should provide superior immunity to current vaccines. However, parenteral vaccination (intramuscular, sub-cutaneous etc) is not effective at eliciting local antibody production, if there has been no previous mucosal exposure (e.g. infection). In order to stimulate the mucosal immune system, the vaccine must be applied topically to a mucosal surface.
Mucosal administration of influenza vaccine would have a number of advantages over traditional parenteral immunisation regimes. Paramount amongst these are more effective stimulation of the local mucosal immune system of the respiratory tract and the likelihood that vaccine uptake rates would be increased because the fear and discomfort associated with injections would be avoided. Accordingly, a number of attempts have been made to develop mucosal influenza vaccines. A drawback however is that inactivated vaccines are often poorly immunogenic when given mucosally. In order to overcome this problem, different approaches to improving the immunogenicity of flu vaccines given orally or intranasally have included the use of the B sub-unit of cholera toxin (CTB) as an adjuvant, encapsulation of the vaccine in a variety of microspheres, and the use of live attenuated strains. To date however no practical means of enhancing the immunogenicity of mucosally administered flu vaccines has been developed.
It has now been found by the Applicant that by administering the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens of influenza together with a particular chitosan derivative in an intranasal formulation, it is possible to achieve good IgG and good IgA responses.
Chitosans are derivatives of chitin or poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in which the greater proportion of the N-acetyl groups have been removed through hydrolysis.
Chitosans have previously been used in pharmaceutical formulations and are disclosed in EP-A-0460020 as mucosal absorption enhancers, However, EP-A-0460020 does not disclose or suggest that the chitosan could provide an adjuvant effect when administered in a vaccine composition.
The present Applicant have now found tha
REFERENCES:
patent: 4659569 (1987-04-01), Mitsuhashi et al.
patent: 5629011 (1997-05-01), Illum
Nishimura et al. Jun. 1987 Vaccine vol. 5 pp. 136-140.
Renfry et al., "Morphological and biochemical characterization of influenza vaccines commercially available in the United Kingdom", Vaccine 1994, vol. 12, No. 8, pp. 747-752.
Iida et al., "Stimulation of non-specific host resistance against Sendai virus and Escherichia coli infections by chitin derivatives in mice", Vaccine Dec. 1987, vol. 5, pp. 270-273.
Nishimura et al., "Immunological activity of chitin and its derivatives", Vaccine Mar. 1984, vol. 2., pp. 93-99.
Biol. Nauki (Byelarus) 1992, (4) pp. 87-89 (Abstract only supplied).
de Haan et al., "Mucosal immunoadjuvant activity of liposomes: induction of systemic IgG and secretory IgA responses in mice by intranasal immunization with an influenza subunit vacccine and coadministered liposomes," Vaccine 13, pp. 155-162 (1995).
Oka et al., "Enhancing effects of pertussis toxin B oligomer on the immunogenicity of influenza vaccine administered intranasally," Vaccine 12, pp. 1255-1258 (1994).
Nishimura et al., "Adjuvant activity of chitin derivatives in mice and guinea-pigs," Vaccine 3, pp. 379-384 (1985).
Caputa Anthony C.
Medeva Holdings BV
Zeman Mary K
LandOfFree
Vaccine compositions does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Vaccine compositions, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Vaccine compositions will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1174543