Plant protecting and regulating compositions – Plant growth regulating compositions – Micro-organisms or from micro-organisms
Patent
1993-06-09
1995-07-18
Clardy, S. Mark
Plant protecting and regulating compositions
Plant growth regulating compositions
Micro-organisms or from micro-organisms
435911, A01N 6304
Patent
active
054341205
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is filed under 35 USC 37 from PCT/JP92/01184.
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a herbicide, a method for controlling weeds and novel microorganisms belonging to genus Ustilago which can be used therefor.
PRIOR ART
Barnyardgrass (belonging to genus Echinochloa) which is an important weed in paddy and plowed fields is conventionally controlled mainly by chemical herbicides. In view of the environmental pollution caused by using agricultural chemicals in large amounts, it is desired to develop a herbicide and use thereof, which does not employ an agricultural chemical. A method for controlling weeds, which employs a pathogenic fungus which specifically attacks barnyardgrass, is known (Japanese Laid-open Patent Application (Kokai) No. 2-13367). However, the effectiveness of this method is not satisfactory, so that the herbicide and weeds-controlling method utilizing this pathogenic fungus are not widely used. Further, the conventional methods for controlling weeds utilizing chemical herbicides and the above-mentioned microorganism mainly aim at killing barnyardgrass.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a novel microorganism which has an ability to control weeds such as barnyardgrass. Another object of the present invention is to provide a herbicide by which weeds such as barnyardgrass can be effectively and selectively controlled. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for effectively and selectively controlling weeds such as barnyardgrass.
The present inventors intensively studied to discover novel microorganisms pathogenic to barnyardgrass and that weeds such as barnyardgrass can be controlled by using the novel microorganisms, thereby completing the present invention.
The present invention provides a herbicide comprising as an effective ingredient a microorganism belonging to genus Ustilago. The present invention also provides a method for controlling weeds by utilizing a microorganism belonging to genus Ustilago. The present invention also provides Ustilago trichophora B-171 (FERM BP-3968). The present invention further provides Ustilago trichophora B-174 (FERM BP-3969). The present invention further provides Ustilago trichophora B-185 (FERM BP-3970). These microorganisms are deposited at the Fermentation Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-3, Higashi 1-chome Tsukubashi Ibaraki-keen, 305, Japan (FERM BP-3970).
The microorganisms according to the present invention exhibit high virulences and selective pathogenicities to weeds such as barnyardgrass and do not adversely affect the growth of crops such as rice. Therefore, by using the microorganisms of the present invention, weeds can be effectively and selectively controlled. Further, unlike agricultural chemicals, the herbicide according to the present invention does not pollute or destroy environment.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
As mentioned above, the present invention provides Ustilago trichophora B-171 (FERM BP-3968), Ustilago trichophora B-174 (FERM BP-3969) and Ustilago trichophora B-185 (FERM BP-3970).
Synonyms of Ustilago trichophora include Ustilago crus-galli and Ustilago sphaerogena.
The novel microorganisms according to the present invention were first provided by collecting diseased barnyardgrass plants from various places in Japan, separating fungal strains pathogenic to barnyardgrass therefrom, pure culturing the separated strains, and by screening the pure cultured strains which are pathogenic to barnyardgrass but not pathogenic to other crops, particularly rice. The detailed method for first providing the microorganisms are described in the examples hereinbelow described.
The major mycological properties of the novel microorganisms are as follows:
They are aerobic. They grow well at a pH between 5 and 9. They grow at a temperature between 15.degree.-35.degree. C. and optimum growth temperature is 30.degree.-35.degree. C. The morphology and color in potato dextrose agar medium (hereinafter referred t
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Nitta Naoto
Tanaka Hiroshi
Tsukamoto Hiroshi
Clardy S. Mark
Japan Tobacco Inc.
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