Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing – Heterocyclic carbon compound – Hetero-o
Patent
1997-02-28
2000-04-25
Soderquist, Arlen
Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
Heterocyclic carbon compound
Hetero-o
436 63, 436 87, 436 94, 436 96, 436129, 436131, 436132, G01N 3348, G01N 3349, G01N 33493
Patent
active
060543221
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention concerns sialic acids, in particular N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), as a marker for detecting/determining frequent alcohol consumption/prolonged alcohol consumption and/or alcohol abuse and/or alcohol habits.
By alcohol is meant ethanol.
The measurement of sialic acid and its clinical significance has been reviewed several times (e.g. Waters et al., Ann. Clin. Biochem. 29 (1992) 625-537).
Sialic acid is the common name for compounds derived from neuraminic acid. These compounds have the formula: ##STR1##
In natural sialic acids R.sub.4 and R.sub.7 are H-- or CH.sub.3 CO--; R.sub.5 is CH.sub.3 CO-- or HOCH.sub.3 CO--; R.sub.8 is H--, CH.sub.3 CO--, CH.sub.3 CH(OH)CO--, CH.sub.3 -- and SO.sub.3 H--; and R.sub.9 is H--, CH.sub.3 CO--, CH.sub.3 CH(OH)CO-- or PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 --. The most abundantly present sialic acids in living material is N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) in which R.sub.5 is CH.sub.3 CO-- and R.sub.4,7,8,9 are H--.
Sialic acids have been detected in several biological fluids, for instance blood, plasma/serum and urine. Sialic acids may exist as free forms or as terminal residues in oligosaccharide chains that in turn may be linked to proteins/peptides and lipids (gangliosides). The normal level in serum/plasma is 2-3 mmol/L (600-900 mg/ml, free plus bound sialic acids) with the free form only constituting 0.5-1 .mu.mol/L and the lipid associated forms about 10 .mu.mol/L. In urine the normal level varies with age and about 30-50% of the total level relates to free sialic acids.
Increased sialic acid levels in body fluids have been associated with several different diseases (renal diseases, various central nervous system disorders, bacterial infections, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, arthritis etc).
The increased plasma/serum levels of certain carbohydrate deficient transferrins (CDTs=asialo-, monosialo- and disialotransferrins) have been associated with prolonged alcohol consumption (EP-A-172,217 and WO-A-9119983) and alcohol abuse. The measurement of the relevant CDTs has resulted in somewhat complicated assay procedures requiring separation of asialo-, monosialo- and disialotransferrins from the other transferrins. It has therefore been a common desire to look for other markers of increased alcohol consumption.
It has earlier been found that that the range for sialic acid serum levels of alcoholics (68.1.+-.14.6 mg/dl) fully encompasses the range for non-alcoholics with a strong tendency for the non-alcoholics to appear in the lower part (63.5.+-.6.9 mg/dl) of the range for the alcoholics (Kougo, Alcohol and Metabolism 3 (1984) 58-62). This observation makes sialic acid useless as a clinical relevant marker for alcohol abuse. The author Kuogo himself indicates in last paragraph of the article that it is unlikely that there is a true connection between raised serum levels and alcohol drinking (". . . other factors must be considered, such as difference in sugar protein-producing cells (tissues), starvation before hospitalization, infection etc . . . ").
A first objective of the present invention is to provide simpler methods for detecting/determining an individual's prolonged alcohol consumption, alcohol abuse and/or frequent alcohol intake.
A second objective is to provide an alternative marker for alcohol abuse and/or prolonged alcohol consumption and/or frequent alcohol intake.
Thus the invention is a method for the determination/detection of prolonged alcohol consumption of an individual. The method is characterized by comprising the steps individual, population, an increased level being an indication of an increased alcohol consumption of the individual relative the consumption (per individual) of the normal population.
In the alternative an increased level may be correlated to alcohol abuse or frequent alcohol intake of the individual. A normal value indicates that the individual does not have the habit of drinking alcohol.
At the priority date it was preferred to determine and correlate the total amount of sialic acids although it can not be excluded that the analogou
REFERENCES:
patent: 4463098 (1984-07-01), Hoberman
patent: 4626355 (1986-12-01), Joustra et al.
patent: 5066583 (1991-11-01), Mueller
patent: 5126271 (1992-06-01), Harasymiw
W.R. Klemm et al. J. Neurosci. Res. 1978, 3, 341-351.
K. Taniuchi et al. Rinsho Kagaku 1979, 7, 403-410.
H. Levinsky et al. Acta Haemat. 1980, 64, 276-280.
F.W. Kuntsmann Dtsch. Gesundheitwes. 1980, 35, 1685-1688.
H. Stibler et al. Alcoholism Clin. Exp. Res 1981, 5, 545-549.
J. Mathew et al. Alcohol 1988, 5, 499-503.
Y. Kohgo et al. Igaku to Ayumi 1990, 154, 853-858.
M.R. Lakshman et al. Alcoholism Clin. Exp. Res. 1993, 17, 466.
G. Lindberg et al. Atherosclerosis 1993, 103, 123-129.
G. Bollmann Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 1994, 32, 37-40.
Alcoholin Metabolism, 1984, Yutaka Kohgo et al: Metabolism of Serum Sialic Acid in Habitual Alcoholics, pp. 58-61, fig. 1.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol. 26, 1990, L. Cherian et al: Effect of Acute Injections of Ethanol on Lipid and Protein-Bound Sialic Acid in Mice of Different Ages, pp. 29-34.
M.ang.rtensson Ola
Seppa Kaija
Sillanaukee Pekka
Axis-Shield ASA
Soderquist Arlen
LandOfFree
Use of sialic acid determination for determining alcohol consump does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Use of sialic acid determination for determining alcohol consump, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Use of sialic acid determination for determining alcohol consump will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-992605