Use of shogaols and gingerols for preparing deodorant...

Details Use of shogaols and gingerols for preparing deodorant... Use of shogaols and gingerols for preparing deodorant...

1999-09-07

2001-07-24

Dodson, Shelley A. (Department: 1616)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Anti-perspirants or perspiration deodorants

C424S401000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06264928

ABSTRACT:

The present invention relates to the use of shogaols and gingerols for the preparation of deodorant compositions.
The odour of the skin is produced by the secretions of the sweat glands and the sebaceous glands.
The sweat glands produce sweat which consists of water containing a larger or smaller amount of mineral salts and organic substances (lactic acid, urea, etc.), while the sebaceous glands secrete sebum which is mainly formed from fatty substances: cholesterol and its esters, steric acid and palmitic acid and their esters.
Studies [Shelley et al., Arch.
Dermatol. Syphilol.,
68, 430 (1973)] have shown that the sebaceous and sweat secretions are odourless at the time of production. The odours are produced subsequently by the action of commensal skin bacteria, this action being exerted essentially on apocrine sweat and the sebum on account of their richness in organic substance. Ecrine seat, which is more abundant but has a poorer organic matter content than apocrine sweat, plays only a small part in the creation of odours, although it can play an indirect role by promoting the dispersion of the apocrine sweat components by way of its volume.
Thus, the decomposition of the secretions of the sweat glands and sebaceous glands by the bacterial flora naturally present on the skin, probably in combination with a decomposition of the proteins of the horny layer, gives rise to many highly odorous molecules.
Three types of product which can be used exclusively externally are currently available to counter this phenomenon, which exists over the entire surface of the body but which is particularly pronounced in the pilous regions (armpits, inguinal folds, pubic region, etc.) and palmoplantar regions:
products known as antiperspirants, which are aimed at reducing the production of sweat,
producing which are aimed at limiting the local microbial proliferation and thus the decomposition of the skin secretions, and
products which are aimed at neutralizing, as they are produced, the substances derived from this decomposition which are responsible for the unpleasant odours.
Although, in general, these products show a certain level of efficacy, they have the drawback, on account of their formulation and/or their presentation, of being adapted and, consequently, limited to application to a specific region of the body: armpits, genital region or feet, whereas it would be highly desirable to have available products for universal use, allowing treatment of all the regions of the body which are concerned.
Moreover, certain individuals suffer from veritable perspiration disorders such as ephidrosis, which corresponds to an abnormally high production of sweat, or bromidrosis, which is characterized by the production of particularly fetid sweat, and which are a considerable indisposition for sufferers themselves and for people in their vicinity. For these individuals, the current absence of products capable of systemically treating their complaint is a very real handicap.
Lastly, besides the fact that a body hygiene product needs to be free of toxicity, in particular when it is a deodorant, the suspicion expressed to an every greater extent by many consumers towards products of chemical origin drives them to select by preference products of natural origin.
The problem consequently arises of providing products which are capable of effectively preventing the production of body odours and of doing so both when they are administered systemically and when they are used locally, which can, in the latter case, be applied to any region of the body, which, furthermore, lack toxicity and which also have the advantage of being products of natural origin.
In the context of their studies, the inventors have now found that shogaols and gingerols, compounds which correspond to the general formula (I) below:
in which:
X represents —CH═CH— in the case of shogaols, while
X represents —CH
2
—CH(OH)— in the case of gingerols,
and which are present in plants of the Zingiberacea family, are, unexpectedly, endowed with pronounced deodorant properties, not only when they are applied to the skin but also when they are ingested orally, while at the same time being non-toxic, which makes them advantageous for the preparation of deodorant compositions for the body, which can be used systemically or locally.
A subject of the present invention is thus the use of at least one compound chosen from the group which comprises shogaols and gingerols for the preparation of a deodorant composition.
In accordance with the invention, the compound is preferably chosen from the shogaols corresponding to the general formula (I) mentioned above in which, with X representing —CH═CH—, n is equal to 1, 2, ,4, 6 or 8, and which are respectively known as [3]-shogaol, [4]-shogaol, [6]-shogaol, [8]-shogaol and [10]-shogaol, and the gingerols which correspond to the general formula (I) mentioned above in which, with X representing —CH
2
—CH(OH)—, n is equal to 2, 4, 6 or 8, and which are known under the respective names [4]-gingerol, [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol and [10]-gingerol.
Shogaols and gingerols can be extracted, by any extraction process known per se, from the rhizomes of many Zingiberacea plants and, more particularly, from those belonging to the genera Alpinia and Zingiber. As examples, [3]-shogaol, [6]-shogaol and [8]-shogaol can be extracted from plants of the genus Alpinia, such as
Alpinia galanga
or
Alpinia officinarum,
while [4]-shogaol, [10]-shogaol and the gingerols can be extracted from plants of the genus Zingiber, such as
Zingiber officinalis, Zingiber cassumunar
and Zingiber zerumbet.
Shogaols and gingerols can also be obtained by chemical synthesis, for example according to the processes described by Banno and Mukaiyama,
Bull, Chem.
Soc. Japan, 49 (5), 1453-1454 (1976).
According to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the compound is used in the form of a crude or purified extract of a plant belonging to the Zingiberacea family, the said extract optionally being combined with one or more other active substances and/or which one or more suitably selected excipients.
According to one advantageous arrangement of this preferred embodiment, the crude Zingiberacea extract contains an amount of compound of between about 1% and about 5% by weight relative to the dry weight of the said extract.
In accordance with the invention, such a crude extract is obtained from fresh or dry rhizomes of the said plant:
by macerating ground material of these rhizomes at a temperature of between 10 and 35° C., followed by one or more extractions of this ground materials at reflux, or by subjecting ground material of the said rhizomes to percolation at a temperature of between 10 and 35° C., each of these operations (maceration, extractions at reflux and percolation) being performed using a suitable organic solvent or a mixture of suitable organic solvents and, if desired,
by removing the solvent(s) from the extract thus obtained in order to obtain a dry extract.
The maceration of the ground rhizome material, prior to its extraction, mainly has the effect of improving the contact between the plant tissues and the extraction solvent(s). Its duration can be between about twelve hours and one week depending on the state of freshness of the rhizomes used.
For the maceration, extractions at reflux and percolation of the ground material, water-miscible organic solvents are preferably used, the solvents having a relative low boiling point so as to be easy to remove subsequently by simple evaporation, such as ethanol, methanol or acetone, or mixtures thereof with water. However, since shogaols and gingerols are soluble in many organic solvents, it is also possible to use other organic solvents, such as ethyl acetate, ethyl ether, chloroform or methylene chloride.
According to another advantageous arrangement of this preferred embodiment of the invention, the purified Zingiberacea ex

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