Coating processes – Particles – flakes – or granules coated or encapsulated – Inorganic base
Patent
1996-01-22
1998-12-08
Reddick, Judy M.
Coating processes
Particles, flakes, or granules coated or encapsulated
Inorganic base
1062731, 10628722, 10628723, 106900, 405264, 71903, 427136, 523131, 523132, 524 52, 524313, 524310, 524109, 524114, B05D 700
Patent
active
058466010
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the surface stabilization of sand and/or soil, hereinafter generally referred to as soil, by application and introduction of an aqueous polymer dispersion to and into surface layers of soil. The water in the impregnating composition introduced dries in a comparatively short time and the polymer phase remaining behind solidifies the structure, for example the granular structure, of the impregnated soil without unduly affecting the permeability of these layers to water. Surface stabilization such as this is not confined to soil in the narrower sense. The corresponding stabilization of other surface zones which have to be protected, for example, against wind erosion falls within the scope of the teaching according to the invention. Examples of such surface zones include spoil banks with or without application of a covering of top soil or the like.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Development and practice have been concerned for decades with the concept--on which the present invention is also based--of applying synthetic polymers which cause particulate solids to adhere to one another to the surfaces to be stabilized in the form of aqueous dispersions or emulsions and leaving them to dry thereon. Aqueous polyvinyl acetate dispersions, hereinafter also referred to as PVAc dispersions, are of particular significance in this regard, cf. A. Kullmann et al. in Archiv fur Acker- und Pflanzenbau und Bodenkunde, Vol. 22, No. 11 (1978), pages 713 to 719 (Chemical Asbtracts 91 (5): 38081u). Besides polyvinyl acetate, butadiene/styrene latex, a urea/formaldehyde polymer and a bitumen emulsion are described as useful binders. The corresponding stabilization of dune sand against the effects of rain is the subject of an article by D. Gabriels et al. in Soil Science, Vol. 118, No. 5 (1974), pages 332 to 338 (Chemical Abstracts 82 (15): 96945d). In this publication, too, a binder system based on polyvinyl acetate is included among the preferred binders. U.S. Pat. No. 4,072,020, U.S. Pat. No. 3,887,506, Chemical Abstracts 85 (21): 158730c (=HU-A-11 654) and ZA-A-7501787 are mentioned as examples of the other works being carried out worldwide.
The list of requirements or functions to be fulfilled by corresponding stabilization of the earth's surface can be extremely diverse. Without any claim to completeness, some of the properties required in practice are mentioned in the following: the material should be resistant at least to pedestrian traffic, it should not be affected by the particular temperatures prevailing, atmospheric humidity or rain (for the period envisaged) and should also be resistant to high wind speeds. The material to be applied should be non-inflammable and should not represent a fire or explosion risk either in storage or during and after its application. Its transport and application should not entail any exceptional protective measures or the wearing of protective clothing. The cured polymer impregnation should not have any toxic effect on germinating plants, on growing plants or on animals and should be colorless or transparent. Taking these and other requirements into account, the present state of the art may be summarized as follows:
1. PVAc homopolymer dispersions are basically suitable as binders. In the absence of plasticizers, however, the cohesion of the soil layers impregnated with PVAc homopolymer dispersions is so brittle that key application requirements are not satisfied.
2. The deficiency mentioned in (1) can be eliminated by using plasticizers capable of flow under normal conditions. In practice, dibutyl phthalate has proved to be a particularly effective plasticizer. Correspondingly plasticized PVAc homopolymers provide for firm cohesion although the plasticizer is non-degradable.
3. Internally plasticized polymer dispersions (polyvinyl acetate co-dibutyl maleate) provide for firm cohesion but are also non-degradable.
The problem addressed by the present invention was to provide PVAc homopolymer dispersions for the
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Busching Hartmut
Muller Heinz
Ritter Wolfgang
von Tapavicza Stephan
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Ortiz Daniel S.
Reddick Judy M.
Wood John Daniel
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