Use of salts of sulfonated alkenyl or alkenyl(poly)-oxyalkyl pho

Details Use of salts of sulfonated alkenyl or alkenyl(poly)-oxyalkyl pho Use of salts of sulfonated alkenyl or alkenyl(poly)-oxyalkyl pho

1992-06-01

1994-02-15

Schofer, Joseph L.

Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser

Synthetic resins

Polymers from only ethylenic monomers or processes of...

526225, C08F 226

Patent

active

052868206

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to the use of salts of sulfonated alkenyl or alkenyl(poly)oxyalkyl phosphates corresponding to formula I O).sub.y --][R.sup.3 O--(C.sub.n H.sub.2n O).sub.z --]P.dbd.O(I) M)--(CH.sub.2).sub.c --CH.sub.2 -- (IIa) --CH(OH)--(CH.sub.2).sub.c --CH.sub.2 -- (IIb) corresponding to formula IIa or IIb, a residue having the meaning defined for the group R.sup.1, and, more particularly, 0 to 30, 12 to 18, and metal ion,
Emulsifiers which have been described for the emulsion polymerization of polymerizable monomers containing olefinic double bonds include various ionic or nonionic emulsifiers, for example alkylaryl sulfonates, nonylphenol ethoxylates and ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers, cf. Technische Broschure RES/VVX/4 (G), 3rd Edition, 1976, published by Shell-Chemie; .alpha.-sulfofatty acid esters, cf. DE-A 33 39 407, tertiary hydroxyalkyl amines, cf. DE-A 33 37 640, adducts of ethylene oxide with aliphatic vicinal diols containing 8 to 25 carbon atoms, cf. DEA 33 19 782, polyethyleneoxy sulfonates, cf. EP-A 0 026 932, and fatty alcohol polyethyleneoxy phosphates, cf. the emulsifiers DISPONIL.RTM. AEP 5300, AEP 5325 and AEP 8100 of Henkel KGaA, Dusseldorf.
The above-mentioned surfactants show various disadvantages when used for emulsion polymerization. For example, the polyethyleneoxy sulfonates according to EP 0 026 932 cause intensive foaming in water-based systems containing them and, in addition, are expensive to produce. Fatty alcohol polyethyleneoxy phosphates do not have pronounced emulsifier properties and, accordingly, are only used in relatively high concentrations or in conjunction with other, stronger emulsifiers.
The present invention is based on the observation that salts of sulfonated alkenyl or alkenyl(poly)oxyalkyl phosphates, which are also referred to in short hereinafter as phosphate sulfonates, are a group of low-foaming surfactants which are easy to produce and which are eminently suitable as emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization. The phosphate sulfonates corresponding to general formula I, which may formally be regarded as partial or full esters of phosphoric acid With sulfonates of unsaturated fatty alcohols or with sulfonates of adducts of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with unsaturated fatty alcohols, are known from DE-A 38 02 815(U.S. Pat. No. 5,041,597), to which reference is hereby specifically made. They may be obtained by sulfonation of phosphoric acid esterified with fatty alcohols, such as oleyl, palmitoleyl, linoleyl, gadoleyl and/or erucyl alcohol or the technical mixtures thereof typically used in oleochemistry (the phosphoric acid may be partly or completely esterified or may be present as a mixture of partial and full esters) with gaseous sulfur trioxide in suitable reactors and neutralization of the sulfonation products with bases. Internal sulfonate groups are thus introduced into the hydrocarbon radicals emanating from the unsaturated fatty alcohols.
The structure of the phosphate sulfonates of general formula I to be used in accordance with the invention has not yet been fully elucidated. By analogy with sulfonated olefins, it is assumed that one hydroxyl group and one sulfonate group is introduced into the alkyl chain per double bond of the unsaturated fatty alcohol radicals in the sulfonation and subsequent hydrolysis of the sulfonation products, structures corresponding to general formula IIa and IIb being formed. An alkenyl radical substituted by a sulfonate group can also be formed from these structures by elimination of one molecule of water. A mixture of the compounds mentioned may even be present.
The phosphate sulfonates of general formula I to be used in accordance with the invention are suitable as emulsifiers in the emulsion polymerization of virtually all industrially important, substantially water-insoluble monomers. Typical examples of such monomers are aromatic vinyl compounds, for example styrene, divinyl benzene or vinyl toluene, polymerizable olefins and diolefins, such as propene, butadiene or isoprene, es

REFERENCES:
patent: 4290930 (1981-09-01), Noelken
patent: 5041597 (1991-08-01), Fabry et al.
"Polymerization Processes" by Schildknecht et al 1977 pp. 143-145.

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