Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
Patent
1996-05-20
1998-06-23
Shah, Mukund J.
Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions
Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing
For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
510476, 510490, 510533, 510501, 525418, 525419, 252175, 252180, C11D 1700, C11D 337, C08F28300, C02F 502
Patent
active
057705534
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This is a 371 application of PCT/EP 94/04057 filed on Dec. 6, 1994.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the use of polyaspartic acid in detergents and cleaners and to detergents and cleaners containing polyaspartic acid.
2. Discussion of the Background
EP-A 0 454 126 discloses detergents which contain 10-40% by weight of a surfactant, 5-50% by weight of at least one sodium aluminum silicate, 0.5-70% by weight of at least one conventionally used additive and 5-50% by weight of at least one polyamino acid, preferably polyaspartic acid or polyglutamic acid, as builder.
EP-A 0 511 037 discloses detergent formulations which preferably contain an imide of polyaspartic acid and/or of polyglutamic acid in amounts of from 0.2 to 80% by weight.
As is evident from the above citations, the polyamino carboxylic acids described therein, and the corresponding polyimides, are biodegradable. According to Example 9 of EP-A 0 511 037, a polycondensate prepared by heating L-aspartic acid at 220.degree. C. for 6.5 hours and then hydrolyzing with sodium hydroxide solution in aqueous medium is found in the ISO test to be 75% degraded in 28 days. However, if the degradation of this condensate is determined by the modified Zahn-Wellens test described below, degradations of from 50 to 60% are found. The processes which are furthermore known for the polycondensation of aspartic acid result in polyaspartic acids which display considerable differences in the biodegradability.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide polyaspartic acids with particularly good biodegradability for use in detergents and cleaners.
We have found that this object is achieved by using polyaspartic acid prepared by polycondensation of aspartic acid in the presence of phosphoric acid in a molar ratio of from 1:0.05 to 1:10 at temperatures of at least 120.degree. C. to give polysuccinimide, and subsequent hydrolysis of the polysuccinimide with bases to give at least partially neutralized polyaspartic acid, as additive to detergents and cleaners in amounts of from 0.1 to 10% by weight based on the detergents and cleaners.
The invention additionally relates to detergents and cleaners which comprise at least one surfactant, polyaspartic acid and, where appropriate, other conventional ingredients when they contain from 0.1 to 10% by weight of a polyaspartic acid prepared by polycondensation of aspartic acid in the presence of phosphoric acid in a molar ratio of from 1:0.05 to 1:10 at temperatures of at least 120.degree. C. to give polysuccinimide, and subsequent hydrolysis of the polysuccinimide with bases to give at least partially neutralized polyaspartic acid.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Whereas polyaspartic acids which can be prepared by thermal condensation of aspartic acid at temperatures of, for example, 180.degree. to 220.degree. C. or by reaction of maleic acid and ammonia in the molar ratio 1:1-1.5 at 120.degree.-150.degree. C. or 200.degree. C. and conversion into the salt form have degradation rates of from 50 to 60%, the degradation rates of polyaspartic acids prepared by polycondensation of aspartic acid in the presence of phosphoric acid are at least 70, preferably at least 85, % (in each case determined as specified in the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, 302 B, Modified Zahn-Wellens Test, ISBN 92-64-12221-4, Paris 1981). This test entails analysis of the decrease in the dissolved organic carbon (DOC decrease) in the test medium specified in DIN 38409, Part 3 (1983) under standardized conditions for up to 28 days.
The polyaspartic acid or its salts to be used according to the invention are prepared by known processes by condensation of aspartic acid in the presence of phosphoric acid, cf. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 16 (1973) 893 and DE-A 4 023 463. The reaction temperature is at least 120.degree. C. and is in most cases in the range from 140.degree. to 250.degree. C., preferably 160.degree.-240.degree. C.
The molar ratio of aspartic acid t
REFERENCES:
patent: 3846380 (1974-11-01), Fujimoto et al.
Neri et. al., "Synthesis of Chem., vol. 16 (1973), No. 8, pp. 893-897.
Baur Richard
Kroner Matthias
Kud Alexander
Schornick Gunnar
Schwendemann Volker
BASF - Aktiengesellschaft
Ngo Tamthom T.
Shah Mukund J.
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