Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification – Treatment of hides – skins – feathers and animal tissues – Tanning
Patent
1995-02-17
1995-11-21
Kalafut, Stephen
Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification
Treatment of hides, skins, feathers and animal tissues
Tanning
8 9423, 8 9433, 8 9418, 252 857, C14C 900
Patent
active
054682550
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 371 of PCT/EP93/01807 filed Jul. 10, 1993.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the use of special nonionic organic dialkyl compounds for preventing fatty spew on leather.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Apart from tanning agents, oiling preparations are the most important auxiliaries for developing the character of leather. Oiling preparations develop their effect by lubricating and thus insulating the leather fibers and by hydrophobicizing the fibers. Coating the leather fibers with a fatty film reduces mutual friction and, hence, improves the suppleness and elasticity of the tissue. This has positive effects on the tear strength of leather because, in an elastic material, many fibers on exposure to tensile stress align themselves in the direction in which the stress is applied and, in doing so, offer greater resistance to tearing than the same fibers in a brittle material.
Leather oiling preparations are generally vegetable and animal oils, fats and waxes, the hydrolysis, sulfonation, oxidation and hydrogenation products obtained from these materials by chemical transformation and, finally, mineral oiling preparations; more specifically:
Saponifiable fats and oils and natural waxes and resins belong to the esters. To the leather expert, oils and fats are understood to be esters of glycerol and fatty acids which are solid or liquid at room temperature. From the group of animal fats, train oils, fish oil, beef tallow and neat's foot oil in particular are used for oiling leather; from the group of vegetable fats, castor oil, rapeseed oil and linseed oil in particular are used. In waxes and resins, the fatty acids are esterified with relatively high molecular weight alcohols instead of glycerol. Examples of waxes are beeswax, Chinese wax, carnauba wax, montan wax and wool grease; the most important resins include colophony, birch bark oil and shellac.
The chemical transformation of vegetable and animal fats gives products which are soluble in water and which, in addition, have an emulsifying effect to varying degrees on water-insoluble fats. Known products of this type are, for example, the sulfonated water-soluble oils of various kinds, train oils modified by oxidation (known as Degras or Moellon), the soaps obtained in the hydrolysis of natural fats, hydrogenated fats and, finally, free fatty acids and also stearic acid as hot-stuffing fats. Most animal and vegetable fats have a certain affinity for leather which can be considerably increased by the introduction or exposure of hydrophilic groups.
Mineral oiling preparations are also important in the manufacture of leather. These hydrocarbons are similar to natural fats and oils in some properties, but cannot be saponified. They are fractions from the distillation of petroleum which are called mineral oil in liquid form, vaseline in paste-like form and paraffin in solid form.
In many cases, however, unwanted stains are formed with time on the surface of the tanned and oiled leather. This phenomenon is known as fatty spew. Fatty spew is formed mainly on chrome-tanned leathers after relatively short or prolonged storage as a white, often bloom-like coating which covers the surface of the leather either locally or completely. The spew is attributable to the egression of solid fats from the leather. It can be caused by the natural fat basically present in the leather or by fats which have been introduced into the leather during the oiling process.
Fatty mixtures used for oiling leather tend to cause fatty spew in particular when they contain large quantities of free fatty acids. Free fatty acids generally have a higher melting point than their glycerides. The hydrolysis of fats during storage of the leather correspondingly increases the danger of fatty spew (cf. B. Kohnstein, Collegium 1913, 68; W. Fahrion, Chem. Umschau 1917, 29), although the fatty spew need not consist solely of free fatty acids. Hydroxyfatty acids can also cause fatty spew (C. Rie.beta., Collegium 1926, 419).
Soaps and fat li
REFERENCES:
patent: 2158627 (1939-05-01), Kritchevsky
patent: 2322959 (1943-06-01), West
patent: 3749669 (1973-07-01), Luvisi et al.
patent: 3770372 (1973-11-01), Luvisi et al.
patent: 3971626 (1976-07-01), Heyden et al.
patent: 4780222 (1988-10-01), Amati
patent: 4919923 (1990-04-01), Hoeffkes et al.
W. Fahricon, Chem. Umschau, 1917, 29 (Month Unknown).
B. Kohnstein, Collegium 1913, 68, (Month Unknown).
C. Riess, Collegium 1926, 419 (Month Unknown).
A. Pankhurst, R. G. Mitton, R. F. Innes, W. Johnson, Journal of International Society of Leather Trade Chemists 1952, 379 (Month Unknown).
O. Grimm, Osterr. Lederzeitung 1954, 253 (Month Unknown).
O. Hagen, Schweiz, Ledertechn.. Rundsch. 1949, 1 (Month Unknown).
"Bibliothek des Leders"; vol. 4: Entfetten, Fetten under Hydrophobieren bei der Lederherstellung (Defatting, Oiling and Hydrophophobicizing in Leather Manufacture); pp. 116-136) (Date Unknown).
Das Leder, 1983 [34] 181-185 (Month Unknown).
F. Stather, "Gerbereichemie und Gerbereitechnologie", Berlin 1967, p. 740 (Month Unknown).
A. Gluszcak, K. J. Bienkiewicz, Przegl.Skorzany 1985, 40(11-12), 232 (Month Unknown).
Przegl. Skorzany 42(2), 35; (Month Unknown).
"Das Leder" 1989, p. 256 (Date Unknown).
Ruscheinsky Emil
Wolter Fredi
Zauns-Huber Rudolf
Diamond Alan D.
Grandmaison Real J.
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Kalafut Stephen
LandOfFree
Use of nonionic organic dialkyl compounds for preventing fatty s does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Use of nonionic organic dialkyl compounds for preventing fatty s, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Use of nonionic organic dialkyl compounds for preventing fatty s will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1133792