Use of N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine and derivatives thereof

Details Use of N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine and derivatives thereof Use of N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine and derivatives thereof

1999-05-05

2000-07-04

Clardy, S. Mark

Plant protecting and regulating compositions

Plant growth regulating compositions

Organic active compound containing

A01N 5702

Patent

active

060838787

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This application has been filed under 35 USC 371 as the national stage of international application PCT/EP97/01443, filed Mar. 21, 1997.
The present invention relates to a new use of glyphosate, or N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, and derivatives thereof, such as salts and esters, as an agent for increasing the yield of crop plants that are tolerant to glyphosate.
Glyphosate is well known as an effective systemic, foliage active (post-emergent) non-selective herbicide. Glyphosate is known to act on various enzyme systems, thus interfering with the formation of amino acids and other endogenous chemicals in treated plants. Due to the relatively low water-solubility of the acid form, glyphosate is mostly sold in a salt form, like the mono-isopropylammonium salt, the ammonium salt, the sodium salt or others.
Well known formulated products comprise the active ingredient and a surfactant or a surfactant mixture and possibly other additives, like antifoam agents, antifreeze agents, dyes and other agents known in the art. Reference is also made to the book "The Herbicide Glyphosate", edited by E. Grossbard and D. Atkinson, Butterworth & Co, 1985.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,853,530 describes the use of N-phosphonomethylglycine and derivatives thereof to alter the natural growth or development of plants, like for defoliation and retardation of vegetative growth. In certain plants this retardation is said to lead to a shorter main stem and increased lateral branching. This alteration of the natural growth or development would produce smaller, bushier plants which often demonstrate increased resistance to drought and pest infestation. In the case of turf grasses, retardation of vegetative growth may also be highly desirable, thus enhancing root development to provide a dense, sturdier turf, and increasing the interval between mowings of lawns, golf courses and similar grassy areas. In many types of plants, such as silage crops, potatoes, sugar cane, beets, grapes, melons and fruit trees, the retardation of vegetative growth caused by glyphosate is said to result in an increase in the carbohydrate content of the plants at harvest. Obviously, these applications require sub-lethal doses, since otherwise the treated plants would be killed.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,988,142 more particularly relates to the use of N-phosphonomethylglycine and derivatives thereof to increase the carbohydrate deposition in plants, such as sugar cane. Again, the rates used are sub-lethal rates and are applied shortly before harvest.
In both instances mentioned above, it is believed that a non-lethal dose of glyphosate herbicide, i.e. a dose far below the doses normally used to combat the weed population in a crop field, causes a reduction or retardation of vegetative growth and the active material follows the normal pathway it follows when exerting its herbicidal action in the plants. In the case of U.S. Pat. No. 3,980,142, the retardation of vegetative growth is believed to permit more of the available carbohydrate in the plant to be converted to starch or sucrose, rather than being used as plant food for continued growth.
DE-3 200 486 relates to improving the productivity of crop plants by treating them with sub-lethal doses of phosphinothricin (glufosinate) which is also an efficient non-selective herbicide. Here as well, the inhibition of vegetative growth by sub-lethal doses of the herbicide is believed to cause an increase of carbohydrates in the plants or fruits thereof. DE-3 200 486 mentions glyphosate in a comparative example (Example II) which is intended to show that glufosinate has a better effect than glyphosate at the same rate.
EP-0 401 407 concerns a similar subject matter. It discloses the use of sub-lethal rates of non-selective herbicides, such as inter alia glyphosate and phosphinothricin, during the transition from the mass forming stage to the maturation stage of a plant, in order to increase the carbohydrate deposition in sugar or starch producing plants other than cane, such as sugar beets, potatoes or corn.
WO 95/05082 describes a method of inc

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Anderson, Wood Powell. Weed Science. p, 136. 1996.
Roundup Ready.TM. Sugar Beet, I. Brants, et al., pp. 221-222 no date.
"Yield Evaluation of a Glyphosate-tolerant Soybean Line After Treatment with Glyphosate, X. Delannay, et al.," 11-Plant Biochem, vol. 123, 1995, p. 709.
"Development of Glyphosate Tolerant Crops into the Market," B H. Wells (Monsanto Co.), Chemical Abstracts, 5-Agrochemical Bioregulators, vol. 124, No. 7, 1996, p. 494-495.
Effects on Glyphosate Performance of Formulation, Additives and Mixing with other Herbicides, D. J. Turner (Weed Research Organization), The Herbicide Glyphosate, 1985, Ch. 15, pp. 221-140.

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