Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification – Bleaching – Chemical
Patent
1991-07-11
1993-10-05
McAvoy, Allen M.
Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification
Bleaching
Chemical
252 94, 252 95, 252 99, 252555, 554 94, 554 97, D06L 300
Patent
active
052500764
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the use of monocarboxylic acid polyoxyalkyl ester sulfonates as low-foam wetting agents in aqueous alkaline conditioning compositions for textile fabrics.
2. Statement of Related Art
Most of the conditioning compositions used for the pretreatment and bleaching of natural fibers, for example cotton, or blends of natural and/or synthetic fibers, for example cotton/polyester or cotton/polyamide, including mercerizing liquors, kier boiling liquors, detergents and bleaches, require the addition of wetting agents to establish relatively rapid and intimate contact between the treatment composition and the textile fabrics. Wetting agents suitable for alkaline conditioning compositions of the type in question must be soluble in water and stable to alkalis and must guarantee uniform wetting of the material. In addition, wetting agents of the type in question must be "environment-friendly", i.e. biodegradable and non-toxic to aquatic organisms.
Since the pretreatment and bleaching of textile fabrics is carried out in high-speed continuous or discontinuous machines, unwanted foaming readily occurs. To avoid this, alkali-stable foam inhibitors, for example silicones, are normally added to the conditioning compositions. However, the use of foam inhibitors not only involves additional costs, but it is often also accompanied by unwanted side effects, for example uneven wetting of the textile fabric and, in the case of silicone-containing foam inhibitors, silicone oil stains which are difficult to remove.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the problem addressed by the present invention was to provide silicone-free, low-foam, liquid and, hence, directly dispensable, water-soluble, alkali-stable and readily biodegradable wetting agents for textile fabrics or yarns which would fulfill all these product requirements in a single substance.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The invention is based on the surprising observation that the stringent requirements which wetting agents have to meet are satisfied by monocarboxylic acid polyoxyalkyl ester sulfonic acids in the form of their alkali, ammonium and/or amine salts.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to the use of alkali, ammonium and/or amine salts of carboxylic acid polyoxyalkyl ester sulfonic acids prepared by reaction of sulfur trioxide with monounsaturated monocarboxylic acid polyoxyalkyl esters corresponding to the following general formula ##STR1## in which R is a C.sub.1-22 alkyl radical or a C.sub.3-22 alkenyl radical, m is a number of 10 to 21, n is the number 2 and/or 3 and x is a number of 1 to 20, and subsequent reaction of the sulfonated monocarboxylic acid polyoxyalkyl esters obtained with aqueous alkalis as low-foam wetting agents in aqueous alkaline conditioning compositions for textile fabrics or yarns.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The salts of monocarboxylic acid polyoxyalkyl ester sulfonic acids may be prepared in known manner by sulfonation of monounsaturated monocarboxylic acid polyoxyalkyl esters with sulfuric acid, oleum, chlorosulfonic acid or SO.sub.3 -containing gas mixtures at temperatures of 5.degree. to 120 .degree. C. The sulfonation of monounsaturated monocarboxylic acid polyoxyalkyl esters is preferably carried out in accordance with DE 37 20 000 at temperatures of 5.degree. to 100 .degree. C. with gas mixtures of SO.sub.3 and air or inert gases, for example nitrogen, in which the SO.sub.3 content is between 1 and 10% by volume. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the sulfonation temperatures are in the range from 5.degree. to 40.degree. C. The molar ratio of monounsaturated monocarboxylic acid polyoxyalkyl ester to SO.sub.3 is approximately 1:1.
The sulfonations are carried out continuously or discontinuously in reactors suitable and typically used for the sulfation of fatty alcohols or for the sulfonation of fatty acid esters, alkylbenzenes or olefins, preferably in falling film reactors (see for example Kirk-Othmer: Encyclopedia of Chemical
REFERENCES:
patent: 4861506 (1989-08-01), Chauvier et al.
patent: 4936551 (1990-06-01), Behler et al.
patent: 4963157 (1990-10-01), Machida et al.
Behler Ansgar
Fabry Bernd
von Delden Hildegard
Wahle Bernd
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
McAvoy Allen M.
Szoke Ernest G.
Wisdom, Jr. Norvell E.
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