Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Inorganic active ingredient containing – Phosphorus or phosphorus compound
Reexamination Certificate
2001-05-11
2003-07-08
Jones, Dwayne C. (Department: 1614)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Inorganic active ingredient containing
Phosphorus or phosphorus compound
C424S603000, C424S681000, C424S682000, C424S683000, C424S692000, C424S697000, C514S102000, C514S106000, C514S557000, C514S561000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06589564
ABSTRACT:
This invention relates to the use of magnesium containing products for the therapy and the prophylaxis of neoplastic and autoimmune diseases. More specifically, this invention relates to the use of magnesium, in the form of magnesium salts or complexes, or in any other form suitable for releasing Mg
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ions, for the production of drugs to be administered against neoplastic or autoimmune diseases, both for prophylaxis and for therapy purposes.
It is known that magnesium is a natural element widely diffused in living organisms, specially in mammals, wherein the largest concentration thereof occurs in bones. In humans, about 60% of the total amount of magnesium is stored in the bone tissues, about 34% in the soft tissues and about 5% in the intercellular spaces. It is also well known that magnesium, being a normal component of the blood plasma and a calcium antagonist, takes part in the muscle contraction mechanism and is vital for the action of a number of enzymes.
The daily magnesium requirement for humans ranges from 5 to 10 mg/per kg of body weight, and is normally supplied through the food, particularly vegetables. A magnesium deficiency in a living organism could be associated to abnormal muscle excitability as well as convulsions. This can occur in babies from birth, when the mother was already depleted of her own magnesium reserves, or when the baby is poorly supplied with magnesium, and/or undergoes high magnesium losses from his or her organism. When encountered in an adolescent, adult or aged person, a magnesium deficiency can be ascribed to generally stressing conditions, chronic intoxication or disease, to misabsorption, to alcohol or drugs abuse, as well as to hormone pathologies that cause magnesium losses for long time periods. More specifically, a magnesium deficiency referable to a poor supply can be due, e.g., to growth, pregnancy, breast feeding, anorexia, vomiting, overload of calcium, of vitamin D, of phosphorus, of alkalizing products, or to excessive intake of alimentary fibre, to low calorie diets, to alcoholism, etc. A magnesium deficiency referable to defects in magnesium metabolism can be due, e.g., to stress or neurosis, to nervous disorders or to endocrine-metabolic disorders (J. Durlach, “Il magnesio nella pratica clinica”, p. 118 and foll., IPSA, Palermo (1988)).
A magnesium deficiency or excess in an organism cannot be quantified as an absolute value, as the magnesium level in the blood is not related with the presence thereof in the deposit sites mentioned above. Generally speaking, the means for detecting the magnesium body contents include the detection of blood levels of magnesium, in the patient's plasma or in the serum (whose anomalies generally indicate a disorder in magnesium metabolism and are, normally, the starting point for a set of further specific tests); the detection of magnesium levels in the urine (which gives a measure of the elimination of magnesium via urine, and is normally associated with protein intake, being the Mg/urea ratio in the urine quite constant); the detection of magnesium levels in the spinal fluid; the detection of erythrocytic magnesium (which shows the amount of Mg contained in the bone marrow when erythropoiesis occurs and allows, therefore, an indirect medullary exploration as concerns magnesium—it is to be noted, however, that the erythrocytic magnesium level is a function of the erythrocyte age and, accordingly, a quick erythrocyte renewal is associated with an erythtocytic magnesium increase, without any reference to any magnesium excess); the detection of lymphocytic magnesium; nuclear magnetic resonance with
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Mg (which evidences any modifications in the subcellular distribution of magnesium and in the different chemical-physical structures); and, finally, the detection of magnesium contents in the patient's bones and muscles.
According to the current medical opinion, the administration of magnesium would promote the growth of established solid tumours and generally the worsening of autoimmune diseases (see, e.g., J. Durlach, p. 215-216, cited above). Such opinion is based on the finding that erythrocytic magnesium increases when a tumour is under development or when a chronic disease, such as for example hepatic cirrhosis, shows a malignant degeneration, or when an autoimmune disease shows a recrudescence. Furthermore, the erythrocytic magnesium level would decrease when these diseases are under remission.
Specifically, at the onset of a tumoral or of an autoimmune disease a magnesium depletion takes place throughout the organism, together with a simultaneous transfer of said element from the bone marrow to the newly formed erythrocytes, and with a massive transfer of said element, carried out by the erythrocytes, to the tumoral areas or to the areas affected by the autoimmune disease. In all cases, a magnesium increase in the blood is detected. In view of that, according to the current medical opinion magnesium is the “fuel” used by the tumour or autoimmune disease to progress.
Accordingly, the conventional therapies use immunosupressants to treat autoimmune diseases and antineoplastic chemotherapy agents to treat tumoral diseases, i.e. they use drugs aimed at reducing the cell mitotic activity in so far as it is more accelerated. These drugs actually slow down the cell metabolism (thus acting more on the affected cells than on the healthy cells), but they also cause a drastic magnesium depletion throughout the organism.
The theory according to which a solid tumoral disease can be made to regress by depleting the magnesium contents in an organism was confirmed by the findings of Parson and colleagues in 1974 (F. M. Parson et al., “Regression of malignant tumours in magnesium and potassium depletion induced by diet and haemodialysis”, The Lancet, Feb. 16, 1974), who obtained a partial regression of neoplastic lesions in some “end-stage” patients by inducing a forced magnesium depletion throughout the organism. Said depletion had been obtained by combining an almost magnesium free diet with a haemodialysis procedure, through which a high amount of magnesium was removed daily from the patient.
The validity of this therapeutic approach seems not to have been confirmed after such first attempts; however, up to now the leading medical opinion considers the admistration of magnesium as a harmful measure in respect of most neoplastic diseases and of autoimmune diseases.
According to the theory underlying the present invention, on the contrary, it has now been found that, both in man and in animals, a magnesium deficiency can actually be the origin of pathologies which are ascribable both to an excess and to a deficiency of the immune response. As it is well known, in the case of an excess of immune response, the organism shows a reactivity alteration which results in its generating autoimmune antibodies (i.e., antibodies against some components of the same generating organism), thus developing autoimmune diseases. In the case of a deficiency of said response, on the other hand, tumors or diseases from viral, bacterial, parasitic or fungal agents, that the organism is unable to defeat, could arise.
According to this invention, whether an organism depleted of magnesium shows the first or the second reaction mentioned above depends upon the variability of the genome of any single individual. Said variability makes the immune system behave hypo- or hyper-reactively according to the individual diathesis. In both cases, however, the occurrence or progression of a disease, which is the result of an inadequate immune response, has as its starting cause a magnesium deficiency.
By taking specifically into account the neoplastic diseases, it is well known that a human or animal organism generates daily about twenty tumoral cells as average. Such cells are normally recognized by the immune system as a foreign substance, on the basis of the detection of their altered gene sequences, and are then removed. When this does not occur and the immune mechanism is slowed down or made ineffective because of
Jones Dwayne C.
Smith , Gambrell & Russell, LLP
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