Use of cationic non-silicate layer compounds in detergents

Details Use of cationic non-silicate layer compounds in detergents Use of cationic non-silicate layer compounds in detergents

1990-06-06

1992-09-08

Liberman, Paul

Compositions

Water-softening or purifying or scale-inhibiting agents

252131, 252DIG15, 8137, C11D 312, C11D 918, D06L 112

Patent

active

051455994

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to the use of cationic non-silicate layer compounds in detergent compositions and, in particular, in phosphate-reduced zeolite-based detergents.
In practice, combinations of zeolite A and so-called co-builders, such as polycarboxylates for example, have been successfully used in attempts completely to replace the ecologically undesirable sodium tripolyphosphate in detergent compositions. However, almost all the known polycarboxylates presently used for detergent compositions show poor biodegradable. Inorganic layer-like compounds have been proposed as alternative builder constituents which, ecologically, have no effect on the environment. For example, synthetic, finely divided, water-insoluble layer silicates having a smectite-like crystal phase are described in EP-A 0 209 840 while crystalline, layer-form sodium silicates are described in DE-OS 34 13 571. These layer compounds are all layer silicates.
The use of non-silicate layer compounds as builder component in detergent compositions is unknown. EP-A 0 206 799 describes the use of mixed metal hydroxides solely for preventing dye transfer in washing processes.
In the context of the present invention, "phosphate-reduced" means that detergent compositions contain at most 30% by weight sodium tripolyphosphate, but may also be completely phosphate-free.
The object of the present invention is to provide new phosphate-reduced detergent compositions and to reduce fabric incrustation in standard washing processes.
The objects stated above are achieved by the use of cationic, non-silicate layer compounds as a separate addition to zeolite-containing, phosphate-reduced and, in particular, phosphate-free detergent compositions or as an integral detergent constituent. It has been found in this regard that fabric incrustation is clearly reduced so that the invention makes a significant contribution towards the formulation of environmentally compatible builder systems.
The present invention relates to the use of cationic, non-silicate layer compounds corresponding to general formula (I) conditions 1<x<5, y>z, (y+z)=2x+3, 0<n<10 apply, in phosphate-reduced detergent compositions, the cationic layer compounds belonging to the structure type of hydrotalcite with a lattice distance for the most intensive line in the X-ray diffractogram of from 7.4 to 8 .ANG. for the product dried at 110.degree. C.
In the context of the invention, cationic layer compounds are understood to be solids of which the structure is derived from the layer-form magnesium hydroxide, brucite, by the partial replacement of the divalent metal ions by trivalent metal ions. The resulting positive excess charge of the metal hydroxide layers is compensated by exchangeable anions between the layers. Hydrotalcite may be used as a model substance for this class of solids.
Hydrotalcite is a substance occurring in nature as a mineral having the approximate composition within relatively wide limits. The carbonate may be replaced by other anions. By contrast, the substance is characterized by its layer structure with the layer sequence ABAB . . . , where A is a positively charged triple layer of hydroxyl ions, metal cations and more hydroxyl ions. B is an intermediate layer of anions and water of crystallization. This layer structure is shown up in an X-ray powder diagram which may be used for characterization. Thus, ASTM Card No. 14-191 gives the lines for the lattice plane spacings d=7.69, 3.88, 2.58, 2.30, 1.96, 1.53 and 1.50 .ANG. as the most intensive X-ray interferences. The spacing 7.69 .ANG. is the basic repetition period of the layers (=layer spacing) of the substance which normally contains water of crystallization. More rigorous drying at elevated temperature (120.degree. to 200.degree. C. at normal pressure) leads to reduced layer spacings through release of the water of crystallization.
The crystal structure of natural hydrotalcite was determined radiographically by Allmann and Jepsen (N. Jahrb. Mineral. Monatsh. 1969, pages 544-551). The range of variation of th

REFERENCES:
patent: 4296094 (1981-10-01), Matsushima
patent: 4871396 (1989-10-01), Tsujita
Chemical Abstracts, vol. 91, Nr. 26 Dec. 10, 1979 (Columbus, Ohio) p. 305. Abstract No. 216265s.

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