Fuel and related compositions – Liquid fuels – Containing organic -c
Patent
1996-08-12
1999-03-02
Howard, Jacqueline V.
Fuel and related compositions
Liquid fuels
Containing organic -c
44399, 44400, C10L 118, C10L 122
Patent
active
058764674
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 371 of PCT/EP95/00429 filed Feb. 7, 1995. The present invention relates to the use of carboxylic esters of the formula I having alkyl side chains and a number average molecular weight of from 250 to 5000 and carbon atoms or a radical of the formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, independently of one another, are each hydrogen, branched or straight-chain alkyl, an aromatic radical or an araliphatic radical which may also contain heteroatoms, straight-chain alkyl or an aromatic or araliphatic radical which may also contain heteroatoms, radical, among which O is preferred, and lubricant compositions containing these additives.
The present invention furthermore relates to an improved process for the preparation of carboxylic acids or carboxylic esters by reacting polymers of at least 30 carbon atoms, which carry at least one carbon--carbon double bond, with carbon monoxide and water or alcohols.
Carburettors and intake systems of gasoline engines, but also injection systems for fuel metering in gasoline and diesel engines, are increasingly being contaminated by impurities caused by dust particles from the air, uncombusted hydrocarbon residues from the combustion space and the crank case vent gases passed into the carburettor.
These residues shift the air/fuel ratio during idling and in the lower part-load range so that the mixture becomes richer and the combustion less complete and in turn the amounts of uncombusted or partially combusted hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas become larger and the gasoline consumption increases.
It is known that these disadvantages can be avoided by using fuel additives for keeping valves and carburettors or injection systems, clean (cf. for example: M. Rossenbeck in Katalysatoren, Tenside, Mineraloladditive, editors J. Falbe, and U. Hasserodt, page 223, G. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1978).
Today, a distinction is made between two generations on the basis of the mode of action as well as the preferred site of action of such detergent additives.
The first generation of additives was capable only of preventing the formation of deposits in the intake system but not of removing existing deposits, whereas the modern additives of the second generation can do both (keep-clean and clean-up effect) and can do so in particular because of their excellent heat stability in zones of relatively high temperature, ie. in the intake valves.
The molecular structural principle of these additives which act as detergents can be stated generally as the linking of polar structures to generally relatively high molecular weight, nonpolar or oleophilic radicals.
Compounds which are of particular interest here are those which are obtained by means of chlorine-free synthesis methods, since the use of chlorine results in the occurrence of chlorine- or chloride-containing products, which is by no means desirable today.
Such detergents, which may originate from a large number of classes of chemical substances, are generally used in combination with a carrier oil. The carrier oils have an additional wash function, often support and promote the detergents in their action and may help to reduce the required amount of detergent. The carrier oils usually used are viscous, high-boiling and in particular heat-stable liquids. They coat the hot metal surface (for example the intake valves) with a thin liquid film and thus prevent or delay the formation or deposition of decomposition products on the metal surfaces. Suitable carrier oils are, for example, high-boiling, refined mineral oil fractions, as well as synthetic liquids, such as oil-soluble adducts of alkylene oxides with alcohols.
Owing to the frequently only small detergent effect of the compounds used as carrier liquids, and a correspondingly small contribution to the overall performance of an additive package with regard to detergency, the saving of necessary detergents is not optimum and the carrier oils themselves must be used in relatively high doses. Usually, such carrier oils can by no means render the use of de
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patent: 3307928 (1967-03-01), Chaikivsky et al.
patent: 3381022 (1968-04-01), Le Suer
patent: 3542678 (1970-11-01), Bork
patent: 3836469 (1974-09-01), Miller
patent: 4173590 (1979-11-01), Schmidbaur et al.
Karsch et al., Z. Naturforsch, vol. 38B (11); pp. 1399-1405. date unavailable.
Funke Hans
Gunther Wolfgang
Hohn Arthur
Oppenlander Knut
Schwahn Harald
BASF - Aktiengesellschaft
Howard Jacqueline V.
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