Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Inorganic active ingredient containing – Phosphorus or phosphorus compound
Reexamination Certificate
2000-12-06
2004-08-03
Witz, Jean C. (Department: 1651)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Inorganic active ingredient containing
Phosphorus or phosphorus compound
C514S001000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06770303
ABSTRACT:
This application is a 371 of PCT/FR99/00844, filed Apr. 12, 1999, which claims priority to French application Serial No. 98/05043, filed Apr. 16, 1998 and to French application Serial No. 99/01811, filed Feb. 11, 1999.
The present invention relates to the novel use of one or more derivatives B as amplifiers (potentiators) of the physiological responses of plants, for example the defense responses of plants to pathogens. The application of one or more “elicitors” A makes it possible to induce a certain level of defense in the plant. It has been found that the use of certain compounds B, for example antifungal and/or antibacterial and/or antiviral agents, makes it possible to amplify these responses obtained by the use of elicitors A alone.
The natural defense mechanisms induced in plants, the standard model of which is the hypersensitivity reaction (HR), consist of a complex cascade of events involving the perception of the microbe or of a microbial compound (elicitor) by the plant, the death of the cells attacked and the production of various chemical signals and messengers. These chemical signals and messengers induce metabolic changes associated with active defense: activation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), which is a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds with antibiotic activity (phytoalexins), signal molecules such as salicylic acid (SA) or structural molecules (lignin); activation of the octadecanoic pathway and in particular of lipoxygenase (LOX) which is capable of generating hydroperoxide radicals and free radicals involved in cell death, or signal molecules such as jasmonic acid.
The term “potentiating effect” means a sensitization activity of the plant or of cells to respond in a greatly amplified manner to a subsequent stress factor, for example a treatment with an elicitor. A potentiator will thus be a compound (a molecule) and/or a mixture of compounds which sensitizes the plant to respond in an amplified manner when one or more) other elicitor molecule(s) is (are) applied. It has been found that this potentiator can itself possess elicitor properties.
The elicitor compound A is chosen from the list of compounds comprising proteins, oligosaccharides (for example such as trehalose), polysaccharides (for example such as the product Elexa™, a registered trade mark of Agricultural Glycosystems Inc. or Chitosan™), lipids, glycolipids, glycoproteins, peptides of diverse origin, algal extracts, extracts from the walls of plant material (for example algal extracts) and/or of fungal material, fungi, Bion™ (registered trade mark of Novartis for the compound BTH or CGA 245704) and/or one of its analogues (in particular those known from European patent EP 313,512 and European patent application EP 0,690,061), yeast extracts, salicylic acid and/or one or more of its esters.
The elicitor compound A is preferably one (or more) algal extracts (hydrolysates) such as, for example, the oligopectins described in document WO 98/47375, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Even more advantageously, the list, which is not exhaustive, of algae which can be used in the context of the present invention are algae which may be sold by the company Agrocean, such as, for example, Agrimer 540, CAL, Agrotonic, Laminaria sp. (
Laminaria digitalis, Laminaria saccharina, Laminaria hyperborea
), Ascophyllum sp. (
Ascophyllum nodosum
), Himanthalla sp. (
Himanthalla elongata
), Undaria sp. (
Undaria pinnatifida
), Fucus sp. (
Fucus vesiculum
), Ulva sp. and Chondrus sp. and Enteromorphe sp.
The potentiating compound B is chosen from the list of compounds comprising phosphorous acid derivatives, for instance metal phosphites such as fosetyl-Al, fosetyl-Na and phosphorous acid itself and its alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salts, Bion™ (BTH or CGA 245704) and/or one of its analogues, the product Elexa™, INA (isonicotinic acid), ABA (aminobutyric acid) and methyl jasmonate (MeJa).
Fosetyl-Al and phosphorous acid have mainly been selected as potentiators in the biological experimentation, but, for reasons of toxicity of fosetyl-Al on tobacco cell cultures, we replaced it with fosetyl sodium in the cell tests.
The use of a simplified model system such as cell cultures treated with elicitors of varied nature makes it possible to mimic the HR completely, while at the same time being rid of the spatial component inherent in the whole plant, and allows access to early intracellular signalling events. This invention addresses the problem of potentiating the defense responses with chemical substances.
Elicitors belonging to different protein and saccharide categories were chosen, but are not the same for the cell tests and biological tests on plants.
Bion™ (BTH) is the reference elicitor product chosen, and the reason for which the powdery mildew/wheat pair was selected in the preliminary biological manipulations performed.
In order to dissect the phenomena induced by applying the potentiator, on the one hand, and the elicitor, on the other hand, all of the preliminary tests concern sequential treatments (separated over time) between potentiator and elicitors. This does not exclude the two types of products from being mixed together or from being used simultaneously (although not as mixtures).
The various elicitors (parietal fragments of
Phytophthora megasperma
H20, pectin oligomers, an elicitin produced by
P. megasperma
, &bgr;-megaspermine) are prepared in water. The pH of the solutions is adjusted to about 5.5, if necessary.
The phosphorous acid, the fosetyl-Na, the fosetyl-Al, the salicylic acid ester and the product Elexa™ (E) are prepared in water. The BTH is prepared in DMSO for the tests on tobacco cells and is used in the commercial form Bion™ (or Bendicar™) for the tests on plants.
Lastly, elicitors can also have a potentiating effect with respect to other elicitors, as is the case with BTH or Elexa™.
The present invention relates particularly to the novel use of phosphorous acid and/or one of its derivatives as an amplifier (potentiator) of the defense responses of plants.
The present invention relates in particular to the potentiating effect of phosphorous acid (H
3
PO
3
) and fosetyl-Na, as well as of Bion™, on the defense responses of tobacco (induction of PAL and LOX activities, production of SA) after applying elicitors of various natures such as i) oligosaccharides of &bgr;-glucan type isolated from the walls of
Phytophthora megasperma
(
Pmg
), ii) pectin oligomers, iii) &bgr;-megaspermine, a protein secreted by
P. megasperma
H2O.
The present invention relates in particular to the potentiating effect of phosphorous acid (H
3
PO
3
) and fosetyl-Al, as well as Elexa™, on the responses obtained, in the context of biological tests, by applying elicitors of diverse nature (algal extract, Elexa™, Bion™, salicylic acid and/or ester, yeast extract, trehalose or killed or live spores of a non-host fungus (barley powdery mildew spores)).
It is clearly understood, and also included in the context of the present invention, that the use described above can optionally be coupled with a conventional fungicidal treatment using a known fungicide, it being possible for this treatment to take place simultaneously with or separately from the applications of A and/or B.
A subject of the present invention is also a synergistic antifungal and/or antibacterial and/or antiviral composition comprising an elicitor and a phosphorous acid derivative, and a process using the said composition and intended to curatively or preventively protect crops against fungal attack.
It is always desirable to improve the spectrum of activity and the efficacy of such compounds of antifungal action, or to strengthen them by combining them with other molecules in order to obtain a product which gives better performance, or alternatively to prevent the appearance of fungal strains which are resistant to these novel antifungal agents.
It is also very desirable to have available antifungal products which benefit from an improved persistence of action so as to space
Fritig Bernard
Kopp Marguerite
Labourdette Gilbert
Latorse Marie-Pascale
Saindrenan Patrick
Bayer Cropscience S.A.
Ostrolenk Faber Gerb & Soffen, LLP
Witz Jean C.
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