Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – Specific organic component
Patent
1998-10-23
2000-12-05
Gupta, Yogendra
Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions
Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing
Specific organic component
510119, 510127, 510130, 510156, 510290, 510340, 510351, 510352, 510357, 510426, 510502, C11D 118, C11D 120
Patent
active
061567213
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to the use of anionic gemini surfactants of the formula (I) in formulations for the washing and cleaning of textiles, the cleaning of hard surfaces and the cleansing and washing of skin and hair.
The putting together of formulations for detergents, cleaning products and body care compositions is a complex task, since the formulations must be capable of removing a wide variety of types of soiling from very different surfaces. The rapid and efficient removal of fatty or oily soiling generally poses a particular problem. In addition to the exclusively performance-related requirements, the ecotoxicological requirements placed on formulations for detergents, cleaning products and body care compositions are becoming ever more stringent.
The sparing use of natural resources is associated not just with the use of surfactants based on renewable raw materials but also, quite particularly, with the preparation of formulations which are ever more effective at a given level of raw materials use and which nevertheless satisfy the requirements of biodegradability and mildness to the skin. Furthermore, the surfactant-containing formulations for detergents and cleaning products, which are becoming ever more compact, must also be rapidly soluble in water in the washing liquor even with an amount of water which--again on ecological grounds--is falling.
The totality of these requirements can no longer be met purely by physical means, but instead requires the use of more powerful surfactants. The gemini, or twin, surfactants, hailed as a new generation of surfactants (M. J. Rosen, Chemtech, No. 3 (1995) 30), are surfactants which, insofar as their structure is optimized, possess markedly higher performance than their conventional equivalents and in addition offer--given the choice of the correct structural variant--a high degree of multifunctionality, thereby helping to increase the washing and/or cleaning power per unit mass of the formulation.
The gemini polyhydroxy- and gemini polyether-fatty acid amides described in the applications WO 95/19953 and WO 95/19955 are nonionic gemini surfactants. In comparison with the nonionic surfactants known today, however, these compounds do not offer any particular increase in efficiency per unit mass deployed. Also, the multifunctionality of these compounds can only be achieved by a substantial increase in the molecular mass, a fact which from the standpoint of protecting the ecosystem must be regarded as rather counterproductive.
If, however, anionic gemini surfactants are employed, as described in DE-A 44 40 328 (formula I), there is a significant increase in the efficiency of overall end formulations. This is possible because the anionic gemini surfactants are markedly more efficient than conventional anionic surfactants in terms, for example, of critical micelle concentration, surface tension, solubility in water, stability to hardness, solubilizing effect and washing power, and, furthermore, owing to their particular structure, are particularly mild to the skin and biodegradable. ##STR2## The invention therefore provides for the use of at least 0.1% of anionic gemini surfactants of the formula (I) in detergents, cleaning products and body care compositions, where R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are each an unbranched or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 22, preferably 7 to 17, carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 is a spacer consisting of an unbranched or branched chain having 2 to 100 carbon atoms which comprises 0 to 20 oxygen atoms, 0 to 20 nitrogen atoms, 0 to 4 sulfur atoms and/or 0 to 3 phosphorus atoms and has from 0 to 20 functional side groups such as, for example, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino and/or acylamino groups and the spacer comprises from 0 to 100, preferably from 0 to 20, alkoxy groups, X and Y independently of one another are functional groups and the degree of substitution z is from 1 to 10. A detailed description of various embodiments of the spacer is contained in German Patent Application 44
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Brock Michael
Koch Herbert
Kwetkat Klaus
Boyer Charles
Bushman Browning
Gupta Yogendra
RWE-DEA Aktiengesellschaft fuer Mineraloel und Chemie
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