Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – Heat drying process – or product thereof
Reexamination Certificate
2000-10-05
2003-03-04
DelCotto, Gregory (Department: 1751)
Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions
Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing
Heat drying process, or product thereof
C510S350000, C510S445000, C510S452000, C510S499000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06528475
ABSTRACT:
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not applicable.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to cleaning compositions having enhanced oily soil detergency. Detergents are substances used to remove soil from materials with water. Since detergents are used under various conditions, e.g., type of soil, material to be cleaned, water temperature, etc., it is not surprising that many different types of detergents are available. One class of detergents are the bar soaps, liquid soaps, and liquid shampoos used for personal cleaning. A second class of detergents are the “light-duty” liquids and powders used for dishwashing and miscellaneous household cleaning. A third class of detergents are the “heavy duty” liquids and powders primarily used for cleaning clothes in washing machines.
All detergents contain at least one surfactant. A surfactant is a substance having molecules which contain both hydrophilic and oleophilic groups. The surfactants are primarily responsible for the soil-removing properties of the detergent, although many other components of the detergent augment the surfactants. Surfactants are routinely classified according to their electrostatic charge: the nonionics possess no net electrostatic charge, the anionics possess a negative charge, the cationics possess a positive charge, and the amphoterics possess both positive and negative charges.
Most detergents contain many other substances in addition to surfactants. Some detergents contain builders which aid the soil-removing properties of the surfactants in several ways. In particular, builders help prevent the formation of insoluble soap deposits, aid in soap suspension, and help prevent the precipitation of certain calcium and magnesium salts. Some detergents employ hydrotropes to reduce their viscosity and to prevent phase separation. Fillers are used in some detergents to control density and improve flow properties. Many heavy-duty detergents contain anti-redeposition agents to help prevent redeposition of soil on the clothes. Other ingredients commonly found in detergents are perfumes, corrosion inhibitors, pH adjusters or buffers, dyes or colorings, optical brighteners, foam control agents, bleaches, opacifiers, and stabilizers. Most types of detergents are sold both as powders and as liquids.
Although some powders are prepared by mixing together dry ingredients, the vast majority of powders are prepared by drying an aqueous slurry of ingredients. The popularity of the liquids continues to increase, primarily because of their convenience to the consumer, but also because of the savings associated with eliminating the drying step.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a powdered detergent composition containing an effective amount of a solid primary alkyl amine salt corresponding to formula I:
R—N+H
3
—X
−
—M (I)
wherein R is a branched or linear alkyl group having from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, X is an acid group and M is a salt forming cation or hydrogen.
The present invention is also directed to a process for making a solid primary alkyl amine salt involving the steps of:
(a) forming a crutcher slurry by combining the following components, in the order shown:
(i) from about 44 to about 64% by weight, of water;
(ii) from about 5 to about 25% by weight, of a salt;
(iii) from about 1 to about 11% by weight, of a strong acid; and
(iv) from about 15 to about 35% by weight of a primary alkyl amine having from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms; and
(b) drying the crutcher slurry to form the solid primary alkyl amine salt.
The present invention is also directed to a process for enhancing the oily soil detergency of a powdered detergent composition by adding an effective amount of a primary alkyl amine salt to the powdered detergent.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING
Not applicable.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Other than in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients and reaction conditions are to be understood as being modified, in all instances, by the term “about”.
It has been surprisingly discovered that the use of a primary alkyl amine in a cleaning composition such as, for example, a laundry detergent, enhances the oily soil detergency of the composition. At a neutral pH, the amine molecule is tied up as a zwitterionic salt which has little, if any, odor. However, a problem associated with the use of a primary alkyl amine is that at alkaline pH's, such as those associated with most cleaning compositions, the amine is freed causing a severe odor to be liberated.
One way to preclude the release of such odor is to first form a salt of the primary alkyl amine. However, in order to incorporate the primary alkyl amine salt into a powdered detergent, it must first be made into a solid. The solid primary alkyl amine salt can then be dry blended into a powdered detergent. Thus, in the absence of any water, the amine salt should not interact with any alkaline components present in the powdered detergent. However, when the powdered detergent is dissolved in a washing machine, the alkaline components will break up the salt, thus releasing the primary alkyl amine.
The components used to make the solid primary alkyl amine salt include: water, a salt, a strong acid and a primary alkyl amine. Suitable acids which may be employed include, for example, phosphoric, hydrochloric and sulfuric acids.
Primary alkyl amine starting materials which may be employed are those corresponding to formula I:
R—NH
2
(I)
wherein R is an alkyl group having from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, and preferably from about 12-14 carbon atoms.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for making a solid primary alkyl amine salt involving the steps of: (a) forming a crutcher slurry containing: (i) from about 44 to about 64% by weight, preferably from about 49 to about 59% by weight, and most preferably from about 52 to about 56% by weight, of water; (ii) from about 5 to about 25% by weight, preferably from about 10 to about 20% by weight, of a salt, preferably sodium chloride; (iii) from about 1 to about 11% by weight, preferably from about 4 to about 8% by weight, of an acid, preferably sulfuric acid; and (iv) from about 15 to about 35% by weight, preferably from about 20 to about 30% by weight, of a primary alkyl amine, preferably a coco-amine; (b) mixing (i)-(iv), in the above-listed order, at room temperature, for a period of from about 5 to about 30 minutes or more; and (c) drying the crutcher slurry to form a solid product.
The solid product thus formed contains two-thirds primary alkyl amine salt and one-third salt.
The crutcher slurry is formed at room temperature, using conventional stirring/mixing techniques. Also, the crutcher slurry, thus formed, has a pH ranging from about 5 to about 8, and preferably about 6.5.
With respect to the drying step, it is performed using any known type of drying technique such as spray drying. The crutcher slurry is dried until less than 5% water remains therein.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a powdered detergent composition containing from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 0.5 to about 4% by weight, and most preferably from about 1 to about 3% by weight, of the above-disclosed primary alkyl amine salt. This primary alkyl amine may be mixed with other conventional powder-form constituents typically employed in detergents. The powdered detergent composition thus formed has a pH of from about 8 to about 12, and preferably about 11, when dissolved at 10% in water.
Base powdered detergents will typically contain at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of an anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric, or zwitterionic surfactant, as well as mixtures thereof, and a builder component.
Useful builders include any of the conventional inorganic water-soluble builder salts such as, for example,
Coakley Robert J.
Gross Stephen F.
Morris Timothy C.
Smith George
Valesky Robert J.
Cognis Corporation
DelCotto Gregory
Drach John E.
Trzaska Steven J.
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