Surgery – Truss – Pad
Patent
1995-10-19
1998-06-23
Hindenburg, Max
Surgery
Truss
Pad
604317, A61B 500
Patent
active
057690871
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
The invention concerns a urine measurement apparatus for the automatic monitoring and recording of the urine flow of a catheterized patient in accordance with German Patent No. A-3,544,031.
At intensive care units in hospitals, it is necessary to balance the intake and output of fluids by recording the fluid quantities supplied to the patient, for example, by means of infusions, and comparing with the fluid quantities which leave the body of the patient in a natural manner or via artificial circulations. The most important body fluid which regularly leaves the body of the patient is urine, which is usually voided from the bladder of the patient at intensive care units by inserting a catheter--that is, a tubular delivery element--into the bladder of the patient. A discharge hose is usually connected to the catheter, and the urine flows off through the hose into a collecting container attached to the bed below the patient. In order to prevent a retrograde infection of the hose conduit and thus an infection of the patient, a dripping chamber is arranged within the hose conduit, which interrupts the infection path. Among the most important informative measurement values in which a diagnosing doctor is interested, in connection with urine, is the total volume of the urine excreted within a certain period of time, such as the so-called 24-h urine, the average volume flow of urine within a certain time interval, the specific gravity of the urine, and a visual inspection of the color of the urine.
Among the traditionally used apparatuses are those as are described, for example, in European Patent No. A-0,008,450. The transparent urine collecting bag described there has a scale which helps to determine the collected total volume of the urine. Furthermore, in many hospitals, it is common, as before, that the average urine flow is determined hourly by having a nurse or attendant determine the increase in urine volume every hour and entering it on a chart.
Furthermore, in accordance with the state of the art, the transparent bag permits a visual inspection of the color of the urine, which, however, is complicated by the fact that the collecting bag made completely of transparent material is suspended, in part, below the bed and thus before a background of uniform color, and in addition, hangs so low that the inspecting doctor or attendant has to bend down.
The determination of the density of the urine was carried out frequently in the past by means of test rods, whose end is coated with a substance that corresponds to the electrolyte contained in the urine and brings about a change in a color indicator. Although the density of the urine thus determined is relatively inaccurate, informative clues for the functioning of the kidneys of the patient are produced for the attending doctor. The density can be determined in this way because the density of the urine is influenced primarily by the quantity of the electrolytes contained in the urine due to the heavy Cl ions and less due to the nonelectrolytes, also contained in the urine--including, in particular, urea.
It is obvious that the manual method described above is very expensive and moreover, brings about the disadvantage that a person making observations must inspect the urine collecting bag at certain times. Generally, with the time pressure and lack of personnel always prevailing at intensive care units, there are occasional forgotten measurements, etc., so that the method described is unsatisfactory as a whole.
From European Patent No. A-0,471,413, another example is known for a transparent urine collecting bag, with which only a manual recording of the desired characteristic values is possible.
Therefore, there has been no lack of proposals in the past, in particular, as to how it may be possible to automatically record the total volume of the urine collected and to determine the values for the average volume flow of urine within a certain time interval.
Most solution proposals are based on the idea of recording the urine volume collected in the urine
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Grimm Gunther
Koerdt Franz-Wilhelm
Lapp Uwe
Metzner Klaus
Westphal Detlef
Fresenius AG
Hindenburg Max
Wingood Pamela L.
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