Surgery – Means for introducing or removing material from body for... – Treating material introduced into or removed from body...
Patent
1985-05-28
1986-03-11
Truluck, Dalton L.
Surgery
Means for introducing or removing material from body for...
Treating material introduced into or removed from body...
604100, A61M 2500
Patent
active
045753717
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
A urinary catheter comprising an elongated member for transporting urine through urethra and provided with a pointed end enabling insertion of the catheter through urethra and having at least one radial inlet opening for the urine close to said pointed end and a retention member in the form of an expandable balloon arranged at said end portion below said inlet opening as seen in the position of use of the catheter in the urinary bladder and intended to when located in the urinary bladder of the user extend outside said member in the radial direction thereof and retain the catheter in position.
Patients who are urinary incontinent or have urine retention are usually treated with so called balloon catheters of the above mentioned kind.
A considerable disadvantage of conventional balloon catheters is that the catheter tip, which projects 1-2 cm in front of the expanded balloon, often causes irritating injuries in the area where the catheter tip contacts the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder. The catheter tip has to be made fairly hard and pointed for enabling its insertion through the often narrow urethra.
Injuries of this kind have been commonly known by urologists, who have noticed them at cystoscopies.
The first known systematic investigation of injuries occuring in connection with the use of urinary catheters is to be found in the article "Catheter-Induced Haemorragic Pseudopolyps of the Urinary Bladder" in JAMA 198, 196, 1965. The haemorrhages and polyps noticed are ascribed to the fact that a negative pressure can arise in the catheter system. The mucous membrane can then be sucked into the inlet openings in the catheter tip and be injured. These injuries then allow possible growth of microorganisms. In order to improve catheter treatment for the patients and prevent severe infections caused by these injuries many modifications have been tried.
Catheters have been treated with antibacterial substances, they have been coated with hydrophilic polymers and daily installations with antibacterial lubricants have been made without any obvious effect.
It has also been proposed to avoid the mucous membrane being sucked into the holes at the catheter tip, by constructing a catheter with a ventilating system, which balances the negative pressure.
It has been reported that with such systems no significant reduction of the rate of bacterial colonization could however be noticed (Finkelberg Z & Kunin C. M. JAMA 207, 1657, 1969). Neither could there be noticed any significant difference between ventilated drainage and conventional drainage in a very extensive examination of 506 patients and concerning admixture of blood into the urine during catheter treatment (Monson T. P. & al J. Urol. 117, 216, 1970).
Besides that no significant positive effects have been noticed with such systems, they are comparatively complicated and expensive as compared to conventional systems.
An examination by Axelsson et al, published in Acta Path, Microbiol. Scand., volume II, p. 283-287, has confirmed that it is the catheter tip, which lies freely in the urinary bladder, which causes the injuries of the mucous membrane. At this examination it has by means of scanning electron microscope been shown that conventional catheter tips have such a configuration that the mucous membrane is injured when contacting the tip. At a newly published examination by Ekelund P. et al, Acta Path, Microbiol. Scand. Sect. A, 87:179-184, 1979 it is finally establiched that injuries of the urinary bladder cause the disease Polyposis cysta and that the contact of the catheter tip with the mucous membrane is the main cause. These changes are according to the examination found at about 75% of the catheter users after one month.
In the U.S. Pat. No 3,438,375 there is described different catheter shapes, with which one tries to avoid one of the drawbacks of the catheters commonly used: sucking of the mucous membrane into the inlet opening when the urinary bladder is drained through the catheter. As long as the catheter is closed and there is urine in the bladd
REFERENCES:
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patent: 4430076 (1984-02-01), Harris
Hylerstedt Eric
Nordqvist Percy
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