Electricity: measuring and testing – Measuring – testing – or sensing electricity – per se – Using radiant energy
Reexamination Certificate
2011-04-12
2011-04-12
Caldarola, Glenn (Department: 1771)
Electricity: measuring and testing
Measuring, testing, or sensing electricity, per se
Using radiant energy
C977S788000
Reexamination Certificate
active
07923984
ABSTRACT:
A universal, wireless, nano-optical voltmeter comprises an organic core having at least one voltage-sensitive dye and at least one polymeric shell substantially surrounding the organic core. The nano-optical voltmeter can detect electric fields in cells. The nano-optical voltmeter allows three-dimensional E field profiling throughout the entire volume of living cells. The nano-optical voltmeter may be calibrated externally and then applied for E field determinations inside any live cell or cellular compartment, with no further calibration steps.
REFERENCES:
C.-B. Chien & J. Pine., Voltage-Sensitive Dye Recording of Action Potentials and Synaptic Potentials from Sympathetic Microcultures, 60 Biophys. J. 697-711 (1991).
C. Graf et al., Dye-Labeled Poly(Organsiloxane) Microgels with Core-Shell Architecture, 15 Langmuir 6170-6180 (1999).
P. J. Campagnola et al., High-Resolution Nonlinear Optical Imagining of Live Cells by Second Harmonic Generation, 77 Biophys. J. 3341-3349 (1999).
R. Haag, Supramolecular Drug-Delivery Systems Based on Polymeric Core-Shell Architectures, 43 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 278-282 (2004).
K.-Y. Pu et al., Fluorescent Single-Molecular Core-Shell Nanospheres of Hyperbranched Conjugated Polyelectrolyte for Live-Cell Imaging, 21 Chem. Mater. 3816-3822 (2009).
Kopelman Raoul
Philbert Martin A.
Tyner Katherine M.
Boyer Randy
Caldarola Glenn
Harness & Dickey & Pierce P.L.C.
The Regents of the University of Michigan
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