Refrigeration – Processes – Circulating external gas
Reexamination Certificate
1999-05-21
2001-10-30
Doerrler, William (Department: 3744)
Refrigeration
Processes
Circulating external gas
C062S291000, C062S236000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06308521
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of power engineering, particularly to the universal power generator utilizing wind or flow of water energy for manufacturing water from humid air.
DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART
Efforts to reduce dependence upon fossil fuels, as well as stringent environmental requirements with regard to air pollution have lead to an increasing demand for efficient and reliable generators of electric power which can operate from wind, energy of waves, and the flow of liquids.
The power generators driven by wind or flow of liquid are known in the art. Such wind turbine generators are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,545,728 to Marvin Cheney, Jr., November 1985 and etc. This list can be extended to a substantial number of patent and literature sources. What is common amongst all existing power generators driven by wind and flow of liquid is that all of them have an turbine or impeller with different types of blades which are attached to a common axle or shaft. Since the blades in these prior inventions always rotate an acute angle with the direction of wind or flow devices have very low efficiency. In practice the efficiency coefficient is 0.2-0.35. A water wheel is a power generator driven by the flow of liquid. Although generators of this type have existed for centuries, they are bound to locations which have a source of water flow. Also they are not universal and can not use the energy of wind or waves.
A pendulum mechanism is also known as a source of energy, for example, for driving a clock. The pendulum mechanism, however, is not useful for generating electric energy because of the slow speeds of movement of the inductor (i.e. pendulum) with respect to the stator (in which the electric current is to be induced). When the inductor moves with a law speed, the generator can not operate with enough efficiency. U.S Pat. No. 5,009,571, to R. Smith issued Apr. 23, 1991, describes a wind motor driven from a dual-winged sail. The sail is balanced with a counterweight. The oscillations of the sail caused by wind load are transformed into a mechanical rotary motion. As indicated by the author of this patent himself, however, this mechanism may be used only at low wind velocities.
R. Smith's counterbalancing device can not be converted into an universal pendulum system, as the fulcrum point of the lever which supports the sail and the counterweight is situated between said sail and said counterweight. Since the wind load acts on the lever arm to which the sail is attached, the pendulum device is subject to the action not of a force, but of torque, i.e., a product of the force and the arm. This sharply increases dimensions of the pendulum system. When larger wind forces are used, then Smith's pendulum becomes unstable; and the pendulum system loses its main property, which is the stability of operation. This, in turn, results in the loss of the potential for making the system universal, which is central to the universal power generator described in this patent specification.
The R. Smith device can not work in the sail-vane mode and can not be synchronized with a paddle system any kind such as are described in this patent specification. Such device can neither generate high power, utilize strong wind gusts, utilize energies of different intensities, nor be suitable for use as individual components of a universal power system, or to be used as a basis for such a system.
U.S. Pat. No. 578,001 issued on Mar. 2, 1887 C. A. Barron and U.S. Pat. No. 398,070 issued on Dec. 16, 1887 to A. Neynaber describe paddles having a mechanically-driven actuation mechanism which utilizes a force developed by current for useful work. The paddle systems described in these patents are unsuitable for use in combination with a sail-driven pendulum system. They can not fulfil the above-mentioned task for the following reasons: the paddles do not have a common point of suspension from a pendulum and such a point can not be realized in the above-mention system, as they have neither a ratchet mechanism which is necessary for unidirectional force-transmitting action of the paddle, a mechanism for limiting the time during which flow or waves act on the paddle, nor a control system which allows, due to use of the above-mentioned ratchet mechanism. the paddle to move away from the zone of interaction with the waves when the waves are not in agreement with the period of pendulum oscillations.
Although all the above-mentioned power generators, i.e., wind driven, flow of liquid or waves driven, and pendulum driven generators are known per se, a universal unit which can be driven by all of the above-mentioned natural energy sources simultaneously or separately does not exist. Why? Because, for example, a wind mill uses the aerodynamic phenomenon; a wave mill uses the paddle phenomenon, a pendulum mill uses the phenomenon of gravity, to wit different phenomena. In contrast our universal power generator uses the phenomenon common to all natural energy sources: the so-called “impact phenomenon” Impact phenomenon is the phenomenon in physics which describes the exchange in kinetic energy as a result of any impact of any body with any other body (wind and sails; wave and paddle; flow of liquid and immersed blade, and etc.)
In addition, in the universal power generator all single systems are synchronized. Such a synchronized combined operation of all the components produce a synergistic effect which is higher than the mere sum of effects resulting from the operation of all elements.
All elements are indispensable. The removal of any of these single system from the universal power generator will make it impossible to achieve the objectives of the present invention.
It is well known that all renewable natural sources of energy (wind, flow of liquid, waves) have very small specific densities of energy. If we want to create a powerful generator of energy, then we must use the systems that can collect the greatest distribution around a cross-section energy flow.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,471,612, author Mr. Buels, September 1994; U.S. Pat. No. 5,324,169, authors Mr. Brown et al., June 1994; U.S. Pat No. 4,256,971, author Mr. Griffin, March 1986; U.S. Pat. No. 4,371,788, author Mr. Smith, February 1983 do not have a stream energy collector, which could amass a considerable quantity of specific energy. Such a collector can not be embedded in the mechanisms described above for a number of reasons. For example, if the energy collectors increase the size of their shields, then the forces of flow acting on the shields increase as well. The stopping-anchor problem then arises. The need to increase the anchoring ability of the installation will increase as well. Water flow pushes on any installation with great force. The stopping-anchor system then becomes a challenge and requires an expensive solution. Also this reason the use of a regular turbine or impeller of any kind, which can be used for a natural renewable flow energy collection, in practical.
In the universal power generator this problem, is resolved. The sail moves with the flow and the vane (weathercock) moves against the direction of flow, but the vane has a minimal surface in this case, which cuts the flow like a knife. This method solves two main problems: it collects a huge quantity of natural renewable energy with the sail; and minimizes the surface of vane, which moves along the stream against the stream's direction and, as the result, minimizes the necessary anchor forces. In the edge to the front position, a vane turns into sail and in the edge to the back position, a sail turns into a vane
Because of the problems presented above, the patents cited above can not solve the main problem: collecting and effectively utilizing the stream energy and doing it in a large enough quantity to make this energy cheap.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,929,531, author Mr. Lango, July 1999 uses the lunar tide effect, which moves the system up and down. This process is a very slow. If we want to use a horizontal force of tide, then the above problems ari
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