Electricity: measuring and testing – Testing potential in specific environment
Reexamination Certificate
1998-07-02
2002-03-05
Metjahic, Safet (Department: 2858)
Electricity: measuring and testing
Testing potential in specific environment
C324S457000, C073S38200R
Reexamination Certificate
active
06353311
ABSTRACT:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
This invention is based on a presently hypothetical Universal Particle Flux Field (UPF Field). It is necessary to understand this Field in order to understand the subject Universal Particle Flux Pressure Converter invention. This field a simultaneously convergent/divergent field *; (FIG.
1
); other such fields occur in Nature and they are quite well understood. Light Photons in a closed chamber with uniformly reflecting walls produce such a flux field. Gas molecules in a partially evacuated spherical chamber can also form such field, when the mean free path of the molecules are much longer than the diameter of the chamber, and hence the molecules substantially do not collide. The motion of these molecules are perfectly random. Two neutral masses immersed in the UPF Field will develop forces between them which are consistent with Newton's Equation of Gravitation. This field is also consistent with the Electrostatic, and Magnetic Force Equations. This hypothesis also indicates why the Detectable Universe does not fall back on itself due to gravitational “attraction” **: the Undetectable Universe beyond the “edge”.
* We hypothesize that most of this UPF Flux is continuously produced by Supernovae and colliding Galaxies. Black Holes continuously absorb this Flux. The rate of absorption is a function of this Flux density and the magnitude of the central mass of the Black Hole. In this manner, a relatively stable flux density equilibrium is produced in the vast expanses of the greater Universe. Saturated Black Holes explode into Supernovae.
** The Missing Mass Enigma.
A net torque should be produced in such a field, on a rotor made of flux attenuating material, if preferentially shaded with a flux attenuating stator. This principle is similar to a jet impinging on a turbine bucket-wheel (a schematic diagram is given on FIG.
3
).
The central Neutron mass of Black Holes absorb the UP Flux completely. We estimated the mean penetration depth of the gravitational component of the UP Flux into a Neutron mass; we believe that this is a Universal Constant.
There are 3 distinct effects of invisible forces at a distance that this field produces: Gravitational ***, Magnetic, and Electric. We hypothesize that the Tau, Muon, and Beta Neutrinos are producing these forces respectively. We live in a sea of Neutrinos, but the Neutrinos are so elusive that we can only detect a few individual Neutrino tracks, in a {haeck over (C)}erenkov type detection chamber; but we do see the powerful effect of the Universal Flux in Gravitational, Magnetic and Electric forces. It is also known by the direction of Neutrino tracks in the Super Kamiokonde detector, that Neutrinos traverse the mass of the Earth.
*** Linear and radial acceleration forces are closely related to gravitational forces (in a black box we can not tell them apart).
Magnetic and Electric forces are about 10
20
times stronger than gravitational forces for similar size apparatus; Magnetic apparatus appeared to be more expedient to build than an Electrostatic apparatus. Gravitational UPFF Pressure Converters are not practical for Laboratory applications. Since the driving forces are expected to be in the micro Newton range, magnetic thrust bearings are used to support the rotor in the vertical direction.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Reneé Descartes (1596-1650) emphatically believed that “the Cosmos is filled with a fluid more dense than matter, yet invisible, and it is in continuous motion” (Theory of Cosmological Impact). Descartes rejected Galileo's Pendulum and Free Fall experimental conclusions, because Galileo “failed to reduce the mathematical laws of moving bodies to their ultimate mechanism”.
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) had his manuscript of the “Two New Sciences” smuggled to France for publication in 1638. His book substantially laid the initial foundation of kinematics and the dynamics of pendulums and freely falling bodies. Galileo's Free Fall and Pendulum experiments indicated the Principle of Equivalence of inertial and gravitational masses. Nonconformist Galileo also attempted to measure the speed of light, which was “known” to be infinite by the contemporary scientific establishment (including Descartes and Kepler). Galileo used two manually operated shuttered lanterns a few kilometers apart, which of course did not work. Galileo improved the magnification of telescopes from about 3× to 30×, which greatly enhanced astronomical observation capabilities.
Olaf Röemer (1644-1710) published his work on the speed of light in 1675 by measurements of the shift in the eclipse period of the Jovian moon Io, as the Earth to Jupiter distance varied during several months. His data indicated an Earth orbital diameter transit time for light of 22 minutes; today's accepted value is about 16.6 minutes. This is an excellent value for the sighting equipment and the clocks used in his time. Röemer was using a Galileo type telescope. Röemer's data was generally ignored until the Bradley measurements of 1729 confirmed its validity.
Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) published the “Principia” in 1687, stating the three Laws of Motion, the Laws of Gravitation, and confirmed by pendulum experiments the Principle of Equivalence. Newton was ridiculed for some of his Laws, by his contemporaries, particularly on the European Continent.
George LeSage (1724-1803) published his paper in 1758 on the “Pushing Theory of Gravitation” by “particules ultramundanes” (out of this world particles) “raining down on us”, attempting to explain the mechanics of Newtonian Gravitation. In his time it was impossible to prove that particles can traverse the mass of the Earth; today we know that Neutrinos do traverse the Earth's mass, with only minute interactions. Also, there is a serious subliminal “Freundian Aversion” to LeSage's Theory; it may be frightening to realize that billions of particles traverse through our bodies every second, with considerable mass flow rate, from every direction, and that the imbalance of this flux field due to a slight attenuation by the Earth's mass is holding us down with considerable force. LeSage also suggested that the structure of matter is held together by this “out of this world fluid”. LeSage's Theory was generally ignored by his contemporaries, and it and Descartes' Theory of Cosmological Impact are rarely known in our time, even by the scientific community.
Charles Coulomb (1736-1806) with his Torsional Balance in 1784 determined that the force between charged bodies varies as the inverse square of the spacing between the charged bodies. Sir Henry Cavendish (1731-1810) in 1798, using a modified Coulomb Torsional Balance, showed that gravitational forces in space also follow the inverse square law. Ever since then, some scientists theorized that all “invisible forces at a distance” are closely related. Cavendish was also the first to measure the Universal Gravitational Constant “G” in Newton's Equation of Gravitational Forces.
Albert Michelson (1852-1931) measured the speed of light in the direction, of the Earth's orbital velocity vector (~30 km/sec.) and orthogonal to it, which measurement he thought to have had ample accuracy, and found no difference in the speeds. The Michelson-Morley experimental results were published in 1887, indicating that the long theorized Stationary Luminoferrous (light carrying) Ether Field has no effect on the speed of light propagation. Michelson used a reflective optical interferometer of his design to measure the speed of light. James C. Maxwell (1831-1879) was one of the major proponents of a Michelson-Morley type experiment. On the basis of this experiment, the scientific community generally concluded that “therefore no Universal Field of any kind exists” (gravitational, magnetic, nor electric). Eventually, the advocates of the “Principles of Virtual Reality” triumphed. Ironically, Michelson despised this conclusion and clung to his belief to the end of his life in “my beloved Ether, although they tell me that it do
Brainard John P.
Ney Robert D.
Ney Robert J.
Metjahic Safet
Sundaram T. R.
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