Games using tangible projectile – Golf – Ball
Reexamination Certificate
2000-12-06
2004-07-27
Garbe, Stephen P. (Department: 3711)
Games using tangible projectile
Golf
Ball
C473S378000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06767295
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new dimple configuration for a golf ball which increases turbulence at the surface of the ball to reduce drag and increase the distance the ball will travel when struck.
According to the United States Golf Association (U.S.G.A.) rules, a golf ball may not have a weight in excess of 1.620 ounces or a diameter smaller than 1.680 inches. The initial velocity of balls conforming to U.S.G.A. regulations may not exceed 250 feet per second with a maximum tolerance of 2%. Initial velocity is measured on a standard machine kept by the U.S.G.A. A projection on a wheel rotating at a defined speed hits the test ball, and the length of time it takes the ball to traverse a set distance after impact is measured. U.S.G.A. regulations also require that a ball not travel a distance greater than 280 yards when hit by the U.S.G.A. outdoor driving machine under specified conditions. In addition to this specification, there is a tolerance of plus 4% and a 2% tolerance for test error.
These specifications limit how far a struck golf ball will travel in several ways. Increasing the weight of a golf ball tends to increase the distance it will travel and lower the trajectory. A ball having greater momentum is better able to overcome drag. Reducing the diameter of the ball also has the effect of increasing the distance it will travel when hit. This is believed to occur primarily because a smaller ball has a smaller projected area and, thus, a lower drag when traveling through the air. Increasing initial velocity increases the distance the ball will travel.
Drag on a golf ball is also reduced by forming a plurality of dimples, often circular, in the outer surface of the ball. The dimples serve to reduce the pressure differential between the front and rear of the ball as it travels through the air.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Numerous dimple configurations for use on golf balls are well-known in the patented prior art, including contoured dimples. For example, the Oka et al U.S. Pat. No. 5,338,039 discloses a golf ball having a plurality of polygonal dimples which have a double slope in section so that the dimples appear to have an inner configuration matching that of the polygon. The Cadorniga U.S. Pat. No. 5,470,076 discloses a golf ball having a plurality of dimples with major and minor portions in the manner of a dimple within a dimple. The major portion has a first spherical span and the minor portion has a second spherical span less than the first span, with the minor portion being arranged within the major portion. Both the Oka et al and Cadorniga dimple designs are to improve the flight and aerodynamic performance of the ball.
The present invention was developed in order to increase the turbulence of air at the surface of the golf ball to reduce laminar flow resulting in less drag on the ball. The ball will therefore travel further when struck by a golf club.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a golf ball having a spherical surface including a plurality of dimples arranged in the surface. A first group of dimples in the ball surface has an undercut configuration and a second group of dimples has a circular configuration. The undercut dimples include an outer edge defining a geometric configuration, preferably circular, at the intersection with the spherical surface and a concavity in the ball surface, the diameter of the outer edge being less than the diameter of a portion of the concavity beneath the outer edge. The undercut portion increases the turbulence at the golf ball surface to reduce the laminar flow and drag thereon so that the golf ball will travel a greater distance when struck by a golf club.
According to another object of the invention, an acute angle is defined between the surface of the golf ball and a surface defining the undercut portion of the undercut dimple.
According to a further object of the invention, there are a greater number of undercut dimples than circular dimples in the surface of the golf ball.
REFERENCES:
patent: 1795732 (1931-03-01), Miller
patent: 4787638 (1988-11-01), Kobayashi
patent: 5143377 (1992-09-01), Oka et al.
patent: 5174578 (1992-12-01), Oka et al.
patent: 5338039 (1994-08-01), Oka et al.
patent: 5470076 (1995-11-01), Cadorniga
patent: 5503398 (1996-04-01), Lu
patent: 5695414 (1997-12-01), Yokota
patent: 5800287 (1998-09-01), Yokota et al.
patent: 5842937 (1998-12-01), Dalton et al.
patent: 5857924 (1999-01-01), Miyagawa et al.
Hotchkiss, John, 500 Years of Golf Balls: History & Collector's Guide. Iowa: Antique Trader Books, copyright 1997, pp. 78-80, 115-123.
Callaway Golf Company
Garbe Stephen P.
Hunter, Jr. Alvin A.
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